1. China, Korea and the US Policy of Containment

2. China - Prior to WWII
Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek) vs. Communists (Mao Zedong)
Nationalists in control - attempt to “wipe out” Communists
Corrupt government

3. A Common Enemy Nationalists and Communists team up to fight Japanese.
In 1930’s, Japan took over Manchuria
Established state of Manchukuo.
Communists ally with Chinese peasants.

4. Victory Because of their unification, the Chinese defeat the Japanese.
Celebration is short lived.
After WWII, Nationalists and Communists begin fighting again.

5. US Lends a Hand US supports Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists
They aren’t communist
Give approx. $3 billion in aid
Civil War in China
By N. China under Communist control

6. A New Leadership By 1949, the Nationalists have been defeated.
Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan.
October 1, 1949:
People’s Republic of China is established.
Mao Zedong leader

7. Reaction to End of Civil War
US refuses to recognize new Chinese government
Chinese creates pact with Soviet Union

8. Korea
The Forgotten War

9. Korea under Japanese Control
Japan ruled Korea
Post WWII:
Japan troops north of 38th parallel surrender to Soviets
Japan troops south of 38th parallel surrender to US
Korea becomes two nations

10. Democratic vs. Communist
South = Democratic
US slowly pulls troops out, leaves South on own
North = Communist
Soviets have great influence
Soviets don’t think US will defend South

11. Korean Conflict Soviets plan to take over full peninsula
June 25, North attacks South
South appeals to United Nation
Vote to help South
June 27 - US sends in troops
16 nations help Korea with troops & aid
90% of troops come from US
Led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur

12. Korea - Not a War Congress never declared war in Korea
Truman uses executive action to send troops
US not in a war, but “involved in a United Nations police action”

13. Conflict - Stage 1 North has advantage North quickly moves South
North captures Seoul
South pushed to small area

14. Conflict - Stage 2 MacArthur counterattack
Surprise landing behind enemy lines
North retreats, UN forces chase them
Very close to Yalu River - border with China

15. Conflict - Stage 3 China enters Don’t want Americans at their border
Need a buffer state
Capture Seoul - again
Stalemate ensues

16. Conflict - Stage 4 MacArthur wants to attack China with atomic weapons
Truman refuses
China/Soviet pact - if attack China, could start WWIII
Truman fires MacArthur

17. The Results Communism is contained without the use of atomic weapons
North and South Korea continue to be divided at the 38th parallel

18. The End June 23, 1951 - Soviets suggest cease fire
Divide at existing battle line
Establish demilitarized zone
July armistice finally signed