1. November 10, 2010
How did the U.S. interventions in Asia affect Americans?
What caused a renewed Civil War in China?
What was the outcome of this war?
How did the Korean War start and what was its outcome?
Homework: Section 3 Notes due Friday and Quiz on Sections 1 and 2 on Friday.

2. The Cold War Heats Up:
The four questions one must always ask when the U.S. gets involved in any conflict/war during the Cold War
Which side did the U.S. support, and why?
What did the U.S. do to affect the outcome of the war?
What was the outcome of the war?
How did the American public react to that outcome, and why?

3. Meet the Chinese Leaders:
Mao Zedong
Communist Leader
Ruled the rest of China
Relied heavily on financial aid from the Soviet Union
Attracted peasants with:
Learning to read
Improving food production
Land reform
Chiang Kai-shek
Nationalist Leader
Ruled Southern & Eastern China
He and his followers showed great courage and determination in resisting Japan during the war
Relied heavily on U.S. aid
U.S. found his government inefficient and hopelessly corrupt
Policies of his government undermined Nationalist support: What is the story of the rice prices?

4. Renewed Civil War:
What caused China to go back into a civil war after WWII?
Why did Americans favor the weak and corrupt Nationalists?
U.S. played peacemaker from while supporting the Nationalists
Failed to negotiate peace
Truman refused to commit soldiers but sent military equipment and supplies

5. Civil War Continues:
U.S. aid not enough to save the Nationalists (why?)
Chiang and his demoralized government fled to Taiwan
Communists ruled all of mainland China and establish: The People’s Republic of China
U.S. refuses to accept this as China’s true government

6. Americans React to Communist Takeover:
American public stunned that China became communist
Containment failed!
Some attacked Truman for supplying limited aid to Chiang
State Department said that what happened in China was result of internal sources
U.S. failed to help Chiang’s inability to maintain support of his people
U.S. not prepared to go to war over China
Fear of communism grew out of control

7. So I ask, When it comes to China:
Who did the U.S. support, and why?
What did the U.S. do to affect the outcome of their civil war?
What was the outcome of their civil war?
How did the American public react to that outcome, and why?

8. The Korean War: Discussion Questions
How did Korea become divided into two countries?
How did the Korean War start?
Which side did the U.S. support, and why?
What did the U.S. do to affect the outcome of the war?
What was the outcome of the war?
How did the American public react to that outcome, and why?

9. Korean War How was Korea divided into two parts?
Japanese troops surrendered the territory north of the 38th parallel to the Soviets
Japanese troops south of the 38th parallel surrended to the U.S.

10. The Koreas South Korea Republic of Korea (South Korea)
Syngman Rhee leader
Capital maintained in Seoul
Democratic nation
Backed by only 500 American soldiers
North Korea
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Kim II Sung leader
Capital in Pyongyang
Communist
Backed by Soviet tanks, airplanes, and money in an attempt to take the peninsula

11. North Korea attacks South Korea
June 25-27, 1945 North Korea goes across the 38th parallel in surprise attack
Within days, North Korean troops were deep into South Korea
When the matter came to vote in the UN Security Council, the Soviet Union was not there
Soviets boycotting because of Nationalist China (Taiwan)

12. The U.N. and U.S. Step Up
June 27, 1945 – Truman ordered troops in Japan to support South Korea
He also supported Taiwan with a fleet in the water
In all, the UN and U.S. sent 520,000 troops to aid South Korea
General Douglas MacArthur of the U.S. was the commander

13. The Fight in Korea
June-July, N. Korea pushed S. Korea to a small spot in the South
September 1950 – MacArthur’s surprise attack behind enemy lines while U.N. attack from South
Trapped, half N. Korean troops sureendered & fled across 38th
The U.N. chased troops into N. Korea
By November 1950 – U.N. almost to Chinese border

14. The Chinese Fight Back
November 1950 – China joined N. Korea to keep it as communist buffer state between them and deomcracy (U.S.)
angered by warships off coast
extreme number of Chinese troops drove the U.N. troops south
January 1951 – U.N. forces pushed out of N. Korea and head towards Seoul
For two years the Chinese and “Americans” will fight over Korean hills and gain no ground

15. During the two years: MacArthur wants to attack China (early 1951)
Calls for the use of nuclear weapons against China
Truman rejected the request
Soviet Union had an Alliance (mutual assist) with China
Attacking would cause WWIII
U.N. and S. Korea would advance with Matthew Ridgway as the spearhead
Took back Seoul

16. MacArthur versus Truman (Democrat)
MacArthur urges attack on China
Spoke to newspapers, magazines, and Republican leaders
superiors told him he had no authority to make decisions
After being fired:
came home to parade
Gave an address to Congress (only given to heads of government)
Truman who is MacArthur’s boss
Wanted a settlement of war
Refused to stand for insubordination of a commander
April 1951 – publically fired MacArthur
In the Congressional Investigation it was deemed Truman was right in his decision

17. Settling for Stalemate
June 1951 – Soviets suggest cease-fire
July 1951 – truce talks began
Locations of cease-fire to be at 38th parallel
That line would be a demilitarized zone for both sides
July 1953 – the two sides agreed to armistice ending the war (stalemate)

18. The Home Front Cost 54,000 American lives
Cost $67 billion in expenditures
Americans rejected the Democratic Party in 1952 in the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Increased fear of communism led to a witchhunt of commies in America

19. Going back to our original questions:
How did Korea become divided into two countries?
How did the Korean War start?
Which side did the U.S. support, and why?
What did the U.S. do to affect the outcome of the war?
What was the outcome of the war?
How did the American public react to that outcome, and why?