1. Cold War Conflicts
The Cold War Heats Up

2. China Becomes Communist
Chiang Kai-shek: Nationalist leader supported by the United States
Mao Zedong: Communist leader gaining strength and peasant support

3. Civil War in China
As soon as the Japanese left, civil war erupted between the Nationalists and the Communists
Americans favored Nationalists simply because they opposed communism

4. America Reacts to Communist Takeover
Conservatives believed communists were infiltrating American government

5. The Korean War
Japan had annexed Korea and ruled there until the end of WWII
Japanese troops north of the 38th Parallel surrendered to the Soviets
Japanese troops south of the 38th parallel surrendered to the Americans
South Korea was established as a democracy with Seoul as the capital

6. The Korean War
★Struggled to make military advances; ill-equipped and trained
★Demoralized
★Fought only to contain the spread of Communism
On June 25, 1950 North Korean forces swept across the 38th parallel in a surprise attack

7. MacArthur’s Counterattack
Surprise amphibious landing behind enemy lines on Korea’s west coast while other troops moved north

8. The Chinese Fight Back
The Chinese were not going to allow Americans close to their border
Chinese drove the UN troops back southward
By Jan 1951, all UN troops were out of North Korea

9. MacArthur Recommends Attacking China
To stop the bloody stalemate, MacArthur called for an extension of the war into China
The Soviet Union had a mutual-assistance pact with China
Attacking China could set off WWIII
Omar Bradley said a war with China would be “the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy”

10. Regaining Seoul
Instead of attacking China, the UN and South Korean forces began to advance again
By April 1951, they had regained Seoul and moved back of the 38th parallel
The situation was the same as when the war started

11. MacArthur vs. Truman
Not satisfied with the recapture of Seoul, MacArthur continued to urge full-scale war in China
Tried to go over Truman’s head
Spoke to newspapers and magazine publishers
Republican leaders
Continued to criticize Truman as he was trying to settle the war
Fired MacArthur

12. Settling for Stalemate
The Soviet Union unexpectedly suggested a cease-fire
Location of the cease-fire at existing battle line
Establishment of demilitarized zone between the opposing sides
July 1953 (another year of negotiations) an armistice is signed

14. Korean War Legacy Stalemate Republican administration elected next
Fear of communist aggression increased
Prompted a hunt for Americans who could be linked to communism