1. T HE K OREAN W AR “The Forgotten War”

2. I N THE BEGINNING … Japan had annexed Korea in 1910 until August 1945 38 th Parallel: Surrender to the Soviets (N) or the Americans (S) Development of two nations Communist vs. Democratic

3. S OUTH K OREA VS. N ORTH K OREA 1948 Republic of Korea United States Led by Syngman Rhee Based in Seoul Korea’s traditional capital Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Led by Kim Il Sung Based in Pyongyang South Korea North Korea

4. After WWII, the U.S. cut back its armed forces in South Korea June 1949: only 500 troops in South Korea Soviets concluded that the U.S. wouldn’t fight to defend South Korea and prepared to take over the entire peninsula

5. N ORTH K OREA A TTACKS June 25, 1950: North Korea surprise attacks South Korea called on the United Nations to stop North Korean invasion UN Security Council vote passed June 27 : President Truman orders troops from Japan to South Korea and American fleet to waters between Taiwan and China

6. I N A LL... 16 nations sent 520,000 troops to aid South Korea Over 90% American South Korea had 590,000 troops Combined forces were placed under the command of General Douglas MacArthur (WWII hero in the Pacific)

7. U NITED S TATES FIGHTS IN K OREA After a month, North Koreans had forces UN and South Korean troops into a small defensive zone around Pusan September 15, 1950: MacArthur launches counterattack at Inchon North Korean troops surrender or move back over the 38 th parallel

8. C HINA F IGHTS B ACK Foreign Minister Zhou En-lai warned that his country would not stand idly by and “let the Americans come to the border” November 1950: 300,000 Chinese troops joined North Korea’s side of the war Chinese wanted a Communist buffer state January 1951: UN and Soviet troops pushed out of North Korea Chinese capture Seoul

9. M AC A RTHUR W ANTS C HINESE A TTACK 1951: MacArthur calls for an extension of the war into China Usage of Nuclear weapons President Truman rejects MacArthur's proposal Soviet Union mutual-assistance pact Instead, the U.S. Eighth Army retakes Seoul

10. M AC A RTHUR VS. T RUMAN MacArthur continues to encourage full- scale war of China April 11, 1951: Truman announces the firing of MacArthur 69% American public backed MacArthur Public opinion swings around to agree with Truman

11. S ETTLING FOR A S TALEMATE June 23, 1951: Soviet Union unexpectedly suggests a cease-fire July 1951: Truce talk begins July 1953: two sides sign an armistice ending the war 1. Location of the cease-fire line at the existing battle line 2. Establishment of a demilitarized zone between opposing sides

12. I N THE E ND … Positives= North Korean invaders had been pushed back and no atomic weapons used Negatives= Korea was still two nations Cost: 54,000 American lives $67 billion Increased fear of communist aggression