AP US History Semester 2 Week 2

Objectives This Week 5.03 New Migration (Quiz) 5.04 The Social Response (Writing assignment) 5.05 Closing the Frontier (Quiz)

5.03 Quiz Make sure you understand the following topics: Where the majority of immigrants came from during the gilded age Chinese Exclusion Act How immigrants attempted to Americanize seeking citizenship Six Companies Nativism during the gilded age Chinese immigrants

The New Immigrant During the 1890s, 3.5 million immigrants came to the United States Over half arrived from southern and Eastern Europe (Russians, Austria-(Hungary) traditionally, immigrants had come from English speaking countries and Germany New immigrants viewed as a lower “race:

Chinese Exclusion Act One of the most despised groups were the Chinese. In 1882, Congress banned immigration from China In California, Chinese were segregated and banned from public education until 1885. Chinese were finally allowed to become citizens in 1898 (United States v Wong Kim Ark (1898))

Living in America Many immigrants sought out their own kind and formed enclaves in large cities Accused by Americans of not trying to assimilate Discrimination in hiring Wasn’t unusual to see help wanted ads looking for groups willing to work for lower wages. Certain groups were refused hire (Irish, for example)

Six Companies Group set-up in California to help newly arrived immigrants from China

5.04 The Social Response Long Essay Fill-out template Pick One Question Evaluate the extent to which Gilded Age reformers were successful Most Americans wanted political and social reforms during the Gilded Age, but reform efforts had minimal impact because the reformers could not agree on what types of reforms were needed or how to make them. Support, refute, or modify this interpretation, providing specific evidence to justify your answer

Reform Efforts Labor Unions- helped workers improve their conditions. Formed strikes Socialism- Advocates for public ownership of property. Seen as dangerous since some advocated for violence.

Reform Efforts Gospel off Wealth- Andrew Carnegie believed the rich should address poverty Social Gospel Movement- Religious group who helped the poor

The Law Wabash v Illinois (1866)- ended state regulation of railroads. Sherman Anti Trust Act of 1890- attempted to prevent business from becoming a monopoly McKinley Tariff of 1890-48% tax on imported goods

Government Reforms Ulysses S. Grant signed 8-hour workday for government employees Conservation- Grant made Yellowstone National Park the first national park Reformers brought attention to many problems but sweeping legislation to provide fixes was still a long ways away Not until 20th century would laws be passed to help workers and the poor

5.05 Quiz Make sure you understand the following topics Corporations in the West US military affect on Plains Indians The Peace Commission Dawes Act conservationist Indian ceremonies Gold in the Black Hills Indian Schools

Settlement in the West West became a source of conflict for American settlers, Corporations, and Native Americans Corporations used machinery and railroads to make land profitable Government provided land grants and military protections Conservationist efforts to save land and often in conflict with government goal of making the west profitable

Conflict with Native Americans American Government had promised land to Native Americans but many times these treaties were broken 1867 Peace Commission, which established a reservation for several tribes in the Black Hills (MT). **Gold was discovered** Federal troops killed buffalo and often killed Native Americans with no punishment

Indian School Built to assimilate American Indian children into white society Cut out all aspects of their Native Americans culture— language, hairstyle, religion, clothing, work, and e even their birth names Taking children of tribe leaders helped pacify the tribes

Dawes Act In 1887, Dawes Act was passed Native Americans land was broken up into farms. Indians were promised citizenship if they farmed this land However, the land was quickly taken by white settlers

Wounded Knee Massacre Native Americans gathered for a religious celebration. Practiced the Ghost Dance, which many believed would result in the end of white settlement Federal troops opened fire on their ceremony, killing 200 Natives, mostly women and children One of the worst massacres in American history