1. The South and West Transformed
EQ: What were the most important developments in the South and West?

2. The Effects of the Civil War on Industrialization
Expansion of Northern Industrialization and Markets
American factories mass-produced goods which brought down prices.
The West and South produced food and raw materials and the North produced manufactured goods.
wheat, corn, livestock, iron, timber, gold, silver, coal
The US needed faster ways to ship and trade between regions of the nation.
Failure of Reconstruction
African Americans in the South had rights on paper but not in real life.
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
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3. Territorial Growth of the United States
During this period the US organized all of its territory between the Mississippi and the Pacific
this new territory was rich in mineral resources, timber, grazing, and farming land
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4. Homestead Act, 1862
People could get 160 acres for $30 if they lived there for 5 years and built a house.
for $1.25 an acre ($200) they could shorten their stay to 6 months
a lot of the land was isolated and farmers resorted to making sod homes because there were no trees
This helped fill in the middle of the country
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5. Homesteaders
The Homesteader’s Wife, Harvey Dunn

6. Homesteaders

7. Attempted Assimilation of Native Americans
Dawes Act, 1887
Indian tribes were forced onto reservations
the government tried to assimilate the Indians into white society by giving them property to farm
Anyone willing to participate got 160 acres and if it they lived on it 25 years they got ownership of the land and U.S. citizenship
Many Indians sold their land and ended up losing about 156 million acres (50% of their reservations)
Indian children were taken from the reservations and educated in white schools
railroads paid for the annihilation of the buffalo so the Indians would have no food

8. Reservation Land in the West

9. Carlysle Indian School

10. Annihilation of the Buffalo
the buffalo population went from 15 million head of buffalo just after the Civil War in 1865 to under 2,000 buffalo by 1885

11. Attempted Assimilation of Native Americans
Ghost Dance Movement
a ceremony to communicate with the dead to regain knowledge of a disappearing culture
the government banned it out of fear that it would cause the Indians to rebel
Wounded Knee, 1890
the cavalry was ordered to take all of the Sioux firearms
when a deaf Indian refused to give up his gun shooting began
Over 300 Sioux died and 25 cavalry
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12. Ghost Dance

13. Wounded Knee, 1890

14. Natural Resources and Industrialization
America has all of the natural resources needed to have strong industry
coal, timber, oil, iron
The rivers and lakes make an excellent natural transportation network
everything in the middle of the nation drains into the Mississippi River
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15. Natural Resources and Industrialization

16. Importance of the Railroad
Railroads made transportation faster, cheaper, and more efficient
the resources needed to build the transcontinental railroad helped encourage industry
between 1865 and 1900 the US built over 150,000 miles of railroad
mining, lumber, steel mills, chemical plants
Land Grants
the state and federal government gave over 200 million acres to the railroad companies
This cut the cost of building and the railroad made a killing selling the extra land

17. Importance of the Railroad
Union Pacific and Central Pacific, 1869
cheap (and disposable) Irish and Chinese labor finished the first transcontinental railroad in Utah
Railroads became incredibly rich and powerful
Time Zones
Railroads created time zones for efficiency
Cecil P.
Huntington
Leland
Stanford