1. THE GILDED AGE: Immigration and Urbanization VISUAL VOCABULARY

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
SS.912.A.3.2 Examine the social, political, and economic causes, course, and consequences of the second Industrial Revolution that began in the late 19th century.
SS.912.A.3.6 Analyze changes that occurred as the United States shifted from agrarian to an industrial society.
SS.912.A.3.7 Compare the experience of European immigrants in the east to that of Asian immigrants in the west (the Chinese Exclusion Act, Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan).
SS.912.A.3.9 Examine causes, course, and consequences of the labor movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

3. Gilded Age
A period of unbridled capitalism, with some business leaders becoming very wealthy through the power monopolies.
The Gilded Age was a time of rapid economic growth, but also characterized by corruption, unfair business practices and growing inequality.

4. Factors of Production Land Labor Capital
Machines, buildings, tools and money
Land plus natural resources
Workers

5. Businesses Need Capital in Order to Grow
Corporation: A group of people who act as a single entity
Stock: A share in the company

6. Businesses try to “Corner Markets”
Trusts: A group of companies managed by the same people
Mergers: The combining of companies
Robber Baron: American businessman who became rich by unfair means
Monopolies: Total control of an industry by a single company

7. Industry spurs City Growth
Urbanization: When people left their farms to work in factories.

8. Businesses need more workers (labor)
Sweatshops: Workers were forced to work long hours for low wages and in dangerous conditions
Child Labor: Children often had to help support their families and went to work in factories

9. Workers form Labor Unions
Trade Unions: A union of skilled workers who organize for the purposes of setting fair wages
Collective Bargaining: When unions represent workers in discussions with businesses.

10. Unions take on Big Business
Strikes: A refusal to work as a form of protest in an attempt to get something from the employer
Strikebreakers: Workers brought in to replace the striking workers

11. Industry Promotes Immigration
Emigrate: Economic troubles caused people to leave their homelands
Immigrant: Person who came to the United States for a better life.

12. Immigration spurs City Growth
Tenements: A dwelling where several poor families would live, often in urban centers

13. Americans React to Immigration
Nativism: the policy of protecting the interests of native-born against those of immigrants

14. Causes of the Gilded Age
Economic:
Rapid economic growth
Vast wealth and great poverty
Technological:
New technologies improve middle- class quality of life
Mass production makes material goods more affordable
Social:
Industrial workers and farmers did not share in the new prosperity
Immigrants create a new social class

15. Effects of The Gilded Age: Industry Promotes Immigration

16. Effects of The Gilded Age: Industry Promotes Immigration
“Old Immigrants:” People who came to the U.S. before 1865 and were mostly from northern and western Europe (England, France, Germany, Holland).
“New Immigrants:” People who came to the U.S. after the Civil War and were mostly from southern and eastern Europe and southeast Asia (Italy, Poland, Ireland, China, Japan).

17. Effects of The Gilded Age: Nativist Movement Tries to Limit Immigration
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882: Chinese workers were not allowed to come to America for 10 years. 

18. Effects of The Gilded Age: Nativist Movement Tries to Limit Immigration
Gentlemen’s Agreement: In the United States and Japan agreed to limit the number of Japanese immigrants.
The Immigration Act of 1917: Immigrants had to be able to read and write in some language.  

19. Effects of The Gilded Age: Workers form Labor Unions
Knights of Labor: Largest Labor Union in the 1880s
American Federation of Labor (AFL): Union made up of various trade unions

20. Effects of The Gilded Age: Labor Unions Strike against Big Business
Homestead Strike:  An industrial lockout and strike ending up in a fight between strikers and private security agents.
Haymarket Riot: A labor protest rally near Chicago’s Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police.
Pullman Strike: Railroad strike that disrupted rail traffic. The federal government’s response to the unrest was the first time that an injunction was used to break a strike

21. Effects of The Gilded Age: Government Steps in to Support Economy
Injunction: Judicial order that prevents an individual or group from beginning or continuing to take action against another individual or group