1. Test Review
Gilded Age

2. Westward Migration
Describe the technologies that made westward migration possible.
Railroads to get you there and new farm equipment to work the land
Why did the government support/give money to the effort to develop the railroad?
To help speed up the process to develop the West
How did the transcontinental railroad impact the western frontier in the late 1800’s
Led to the destruction of the buffalo by opening the frontier to settlers

3. What did the Homestead Act of 1862 offer to settlers? Where?
Cheap land in the Great Plains
Which settlers took advantage of the Homestead Act?
The poor, minorities, and women
What techniques did the farmers of the Great Plains use to adapt to their surroundings?
Built sod houses, dug wells, used steel plows
How did farmers of the Great Plains deal with problems brought on by the cattlemen?
Farmers used barbed wire fences

4. Native American Issues
During the 19th century, where did the US government attempt to relocate the Native American population?
Reservations in the West
What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
An attempt of the US government to assimilate the Native Americans into mainstream American culture
How did the Dawes Act affect the Native American population?
Led to a loss of culture and tradition among the Native American populations

5. What is “Americanization”? Give an example.
When Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce said he would “…fight no more forever” what government policy was he accepting?
Movement onto reservations
What was the biggest problem that the Native Americans faced on the reservations?
They had never been farmers before
What is “Americanization”? Give an example.
Taking on the American culture. Owning private property, style of dress, name changes.
What were the major issues that led to the Indian Wars that occurred from ?
Settlers moving West into Native American territory

6. Define Academic Vocabulary
These words are used as part of a question, throughout the year we will discuss vocabulary that is not social studies related… here are a few from this test. Please be sure you can use it (application)
Vermin
Enamored
Persecute
Consolidation

7. Big Business: corporations that control large portion of people (monopolies)
Americanization: to dress, speak, and act American
Urbanization: people moving from countryside to cities

8. Labor Unions: protect worker’s rights
Laissez-faire: government does not interfere (“hands off”) businesses (economy)
Political bosses: controlled society by accepting bribe, ex. “you scratch my back, I will scratch yours”
Labor Unions: protect worker’s rights
**THINK** How do labor unions achieve this?

9. **THINK* What do these have in common?
Interstate Commerce Act: protect small businesses by regulating railroads
Sherman Antitrust Act: protect consumers by ending monopolies and protecting competition (keep prices low)
**THINK* What do these have in common?
Break up monopolies
Protect competition

10. Living conditions: crowded, dirty
“New Immigrants”: from Southern & Eastern Europe, did not speak English, not Protestant (culture)
Where did they live?
Near factories-tenaments/slums
THINK *Why were they willing to leave their home country?
Living conditions: crowded, dirty

11. Labor Conditions: dirty, dangerous, no wage limits (minimum wage), no hour limit
19th Century Technology: Telegraph and telephone- increase communication
Effect of monopolies: prices increase because of limited competition

12. Andrew Carnegie: “Captain of Industry” that owned the production of steel
Pros: organized large production of steel
philanthropy
Cons: abuse of workers
“Robber Barron”

13. Job Opportunities:
Urban: factory workers
Rural: farming

14. Cause
Effect
Immigration
Hope for the better opportunity
US gained cheap labor, wages decreased
Chinese Exclusion Act
Decreased in wages in California
Banned Chinese
Industrialization
Expansion of railroad
Skilled workers replaced by machine workers

15. Foundation Stuff
Here are some things from the Foundation Unit to know for this test.

16. Tocqueville’s 5Principle:
Liberty- freedom of choice
Egalitarianism- equality of people
Individualism- people have a voice
Populism- common people
Laissez-faire – government “hands off” economy
Impact of Railroad: supplies could be transported quickly
Ex. Cattle in the west to population in the east