The Worlds of North & South (mid-1800s) Chapter 19 TCI

NORTH SOUTH CLIMATE NATURAL FEATURES TRANSPORTATION SOCIETY ECONOMY   NORTH SOUTH CLIMATE NATURAL FEATURES ECONOMY TRANSPORTATION SOCIETY Class Brainstorm

CLIMATE & NATURAL FEATURES SOUTH NORTH

GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE CLIMATE PHYSICAL FEATURES ANALYSIS NORTH SOUTH Warm, humid summers and cold snowy winters Short growing season plus cold made farming difficult. PHYSICAL FEATURES Clear, fast rivers Coastline full of bays. ANALYSIS Cities develop near rivers and bays. Cities develop as trading centers. People begin to use waterpower to run factories CLIMATE Warm and sunny Long summers, mild winters PHYSICAL FEATURES Fields/plantations ANALYSIS Ideal for agriculture Fertile soil ideal for growing crops

NORTH - industrialism (factories) ECONOMY NORTH - industrialism (factories) SOUTH – agrarian (agriculture)

ECONOMY The economy of the North was based on manufacturing. SOUTH The economy of the North was based on manufacturing. Many immigrants from Europe began working in factories and producing goods used by people in the North. Many factories began producing textiles (cloth) with the cotton grown in the South. The economy of the South was based on agriculture. Cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane, and indigo (a plant that was used for blue dye) were sold as cash crops.  Cotton became the most important crop after Ely Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin. More slaves were now needed to pick the cotton. Slavery became essential to the South’s economy.

ECONOMY NORTH - industrialism (factories) SOUTH – agrarian (agriculture)

TRANSPORTATION North - Railroad South - Steamboat

TRANSPORTATION Canals were mostly in the North. SOUTH Canals were mostly in the North. The Erie Canal was a huge success. Most of the railroads were in the North. 30,000 miles of track was laid by 1850. Canals and railroads allowed northern businesses to grow. Dependent on the steamship. Railroads existed, but far less than in the North.

SOCIETY NORTH SOUTH

SOCIETY The culture of the North was determined by life in the cities. SOUTH NORTH The culture of the North was determined by life in the cities. Religion & education = organized.  Schools and churches in most towns Very few boys, and almost no girls went on to secondary school until ed. Reform pushed College = reserved for wealthy Large immigrant population from Ireland & Germany Increase in urban living (increase in unsanitary conditions too!) The culture of the South was determined by the upper class plantation owners and their families. Wealth = amount of slaves you owned Dominated by small group of wealthy plantation owners Only children of plantation owners received any education. Girls = trained to be wives & hostesses Small farmers had little or no education Worked own farms African Americans Large portion = slaves (no rights, education) Small portion = free; badges, taxes; lived in cities as servants, craftsman, skilled laborers

NORTH ANALYSIS WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? SOUTH ANALYSIS ON TOP OF YOUR HANDWRITTEN NOTES ON PAGE 109 in I.N.   NORTH ANALYSIS WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? SOUTH ANALYSIS CLIMATE NATURAL FEATURES ECONOMY TRANSPORTATION SOCIETY Class Brainstorm

CLIMATE & NATURAL FEATURES (19.2, 19.3) North South What does the textbook say? Climate: freezing winters, hot humid summers Natural Features: rocky shores, rolling plains, jagged coastline Forests Climate: Mild winters, long hot humid summers, rainfall Natural Features: fertile soil, broad flat rivers, damp/marshy, wide coastal plains What does the textbook mean? Effects: Perfect use for harbors Little farms Ship building, fishing, & commerce Deforestation! long growing season Perfect place for raising warm weather crops such as indigo, cotton, tobacco Rice & Sugar cane in marshes

ECONOMY (19.4, 19.5, 20.3, 20.4) North South What does the textbook say? Industrial Revolution: Making things with machines Replace labor with machines More skilled labor Industrialist: Owners of large factories and large businesses based on manufacturing Lowell Girls: Young women hired by Lowell to work in his factory. First American textile Innovations: Cotton Gin, Scythe, Steam Engines, Steam boats, Plow, Reaper Agrarian: Agriculture, farming, crops Plantation: Heart of southern economy, cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane Cotton Gin: Picked cotton 50x faster, led to cotton being the largest crop in the south, increased slavery even though Eli Whitney thought it would do otherwise. Slavery: Increased due to demands Slave Working Conditions: Bad, harsh, overseers What does the textbook mean? Efficiency: New methods made goods cheaper and more plentiful Makes farming quicker, easier (gin, plow) Slaves drove the mass production of economy

TRANSPORTATION (19.6, 19.7) North South What does the textbook say? Roads: Bad roads prior to 1800 Created a E – W road across the App. Mtns. Water Ways: Steamboats to go down major rivers 1817 – canal from Hudson River to Lake Eerie Clipper Ships cut ocean travel in half Rail: North’s biggest business Transcontinental Railroad **Most rails in the North Most frequent way of travel What does the textbook mean? States were more connected NSEW Trading was easier Westward Expansion Cheaper than roads

SOCIETY(19.8, 19.9, 20.2, 20.5, 20.6, 20.7, 20.8) North South What does the textbook say? African Americans: Formed own churches/businesses, not wealthy or powerful, not equal Immigrants: Four million swelled the north from European countries Irish immigrants faced hostility Urban Slaves: More freedom than southern Free Blacks: Abolitionists Faced racism & prejudice Not treated as equal (did not have civil rights) Plantation Owners: Ruled the south, wealthy, slave owners, influential Small minority that were free Forced to identify themselves What does the textbook mean? Resistance & Rebellion Mostly happened in the South Resistance & Rebellion: Runaway Slaves Underground Railroad Nat Turner’s Rebellion

READING FURTHER: The Mill Girls of Lowell