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Muckrakers Journalists alerting the public to wrongdoing in politics and business These journalist would try change bad things in our country by exposing it causing the public to demand change. 3 major muckrakers worked for change in different ways
The Jungle Book written by Upton Sinclair. Related the despair of immigrants working in the Chicago stockyards. Revealed the unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry.
The Jungle Cont. Due to the attention drawn on the meat industry by the book, President Roosevelt urged Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act. Required federal inspection of the meat industry. The Pure Food and Drug Act placed the same controls on other foods and on medicines.
Ida Tarbell Takes down Standard Oil by exposing them in magazine articles and a book The company is broken into many smaller companies creating competition and lower prices consumers
Jacob Riis Photographer who exposes the awful living conditions poor people are forced to live in The invention of flash photographing gives him the ability to take pictures in dark buildings His photos are published in magazines and books
Women work for reform •Women reformers target workplace, housing, education, food, drugs, etc. •Jane Addams starts Hull House to provide social and educational opportunities to working class(history classes, clubs for kids, free concerts) •Susan B. Anthony of National American Woman Suffrage Assoc. (NAWSA)- works for woman suffrage, or right to vote (will be earned in 1920)
Jane Addams
Plessy v. ferguson In 1890, Louisiana passed a “separate but equal” laws in regards to railroad facilities. Homer Plessy, an African American, sat in a car reserved for whites only & was arrested when he refused to move. Plessy argues that the Separate Car Act violated the 14th Amendment. A 7-1 majority declared that the state was not in violation of the 14th Amendment setting the stage for other “separate but equal” laws across the south.
Segregation IS Constitutional Plessy v. Ferguson says Separate IS Equal = Segregation IS Constitutional Do you agree? Is this even possible?
Decision leads to the expansion of jim crow laws Many southern gov’t enacted Jim Crow Laws, which took away rights of African Americans, especially voting rights B/c of the 15th Amendment the states had to offer a polling place but there were no restrictions on its location or voting requirements. Poll taxes and literacy tests were used to prevent African Americans from voting. Southern states also enacted grandfather clauses, which allowed a person to vote as long as their ancestors had voted prior to 1866.
Formation of naacp National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is created 1909 as a reaction to the Jim Crow Laws. Started by a group of White supporters and W.E.B. DuBois, the NAACP's stated goals was to secure for all people the rights guaranteed in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution.
Empowering voters Many new laws were passed to give more power to the voters, so they could change things for the better! Initiative— bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots Referendum— voters, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law Recall— voters remove elected official through early election Seventeenth Amendment permits popular election of senators
New labor laws New labor laws are passed to help protect American workers from big business taking advantage of them New Child Labor Laws passed to protect children Minimum Wage passed for first time Maximum work hours enforced New work place regulations and inspections to check for safety and sanitary standards.
conservation movement New laws are passed to start to protect our environment and natural resources for the first time 1887, U.S. Forest Bureau established, manages 45 million acres Roosevelt sets aside forest reserves, sanctuaries, national parks on advice from naturalist that convinced Congress to create Yosemite National Park in 1890