1. The Progressive Reform Era
Chapter 11

2. The Progressive Beliefs
Government should…
Be accountable to its citizens.
Curb the power and influence of wealthy interests.
Be given expanded powers so that it could become more active in improving the lives of its citizens.
Become more efficient and less corrupt.

3. Reformers Henry George – single property tax and eliminate poverty
Edward Bellamy – No harsh working conditions, no gaps between social classes and no political corruption
Muckrakers – journalists who play a key role in alerting the public to wrong doing in politics and business
Upton Sinclair – The Jungle (exposed meat packing industry)
Ida Tarbell – exposed abuses committed by Standard Oil
Mother Jones – organized unions to fight for better working conditions
Florence Kelly – worked to outlaw child labor

4. The Need for Reform
As a result of the Labor Movement, UNIONS emerged. They focuses on HOURS, WAGES and CONDITIONS
Young work = cheap labor
Women demanded the right to VOTE
Government needed to change, too
REGULATE TREATMENT OF WORKERS
PREVENT MONOPOLIES
Create Social Welfare Programs – government should help to ensure a basic standard of living (disability, unemployment, health insurance)

5. Reforms Political reforms begin in small cities
Monopolies were disbanded
Direct primary – voters select who is going to run
Muller v. Oregon – limited hours women could work
Child labor – no employment for children under 14
Initiative - voters can put new laws on a ballot
Referendum – voters can vote directly on bill
Recall – voters can remove public officials before the next election

6. Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Focused on revamping railroads and food/drug industry
4 Major Contributions
1902 – United Mine Workers strike (Arbitration – a 3rd party decides the outcome which both parties are legally binding)
Hepburn Act – Gave Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the ability to limit rates if shippers complained about unfair treatment
Pure Food and Drug Act – must label ingredients, conditions must be sanitary and established a rating system for meats
Anti-Trust – holding companies: companies which hold a great deal of stock over small corporations = Control/Monopoly

7. Results of Progressive Era
(TR) Many monopolies are broken up
(TR) Preservation of 200 million acres for national forests, mineral reserves and water projects
16th Amendment: Congress can collect federal income tax
17th Amendment: direct election of Senators
18th Amendment: Prohibition
19th Amendment: women's suffrage