The Women’s Rights Movement The Second Wave
What IS feminism?
Feminism – the theory of political, social, and economic quality of men and women A “second wave” First wave – 1920s Seneca Falls Conference and the 19th Amendment Rebirth of the Women’s movement in the 1960s and 70s Changing and challenging traditional roles
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
A Housewife is a sign of a good life!
Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique “Is this all?” Establishes National Organization of Women (NOW) – dedicated to winning “true equality for all women” and “full and equal partnership of the sexes”
Gloria Steinem Journalist, co-founder of Ms. Magazine “Sex and race, because they are easily visible differences, have been the primary ways of organizing human beings into superior and inferior groups, and into the cheap labor on which this system still depends.”
Radical Feminism
Miss America Protest
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Section 3. This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification
Equal Rights Amendment Proposed in the 1920s but never passed Introduced every year 1923-1972 Deadline for ratification extended to June 30, 1982 Fell three states short of the required 38 for ratification
Why did the ERA die?
Phyllis Schlafly “Feminism is doomed…because it [attempts] to repreal and restructure human nature” “Women have babies and men provide support. If you don’t like the way we’re made you’ve got to take it up with God.”
Anti-feminist fear the ERA will: Lead to a draft of women End laws protecting homemakers End husbands responsibility to care for the family Lead to same-sex marriage
Lasting Effects Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 – outlawed discrimination based on sex Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) – federal prohibition on job discrimination Title IX of the Higher Education Act of 1972 – outlawed discrimination in education Equal Credit Opportunity Act – illegal to deny credit based on gender
Roe v. Wade Legalized abortion Right to privacy under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman's decision to have an abortion Still a controversial decision