Verbs Grammar Unit 4

Verbs Verb: expresses action, a condition, or a state of being. Action verb: tells what the subject does, whether physically or mentally. Shayla eats lunch at noon everyday. Linking verb: connects the subject to a word in the predicate. Lucía was afraid during the movie. Helping Verb: help the main verb express action or show time; form a verb phrase. I have seen the Grand Canyon.

Linking Verbs vs. Helping Verbs Sample Verbs Forms of be Be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being Expressing Conditions Look, smell, feel, sound, taste, grow, appear, become, seem Common Helping Verbs Sample Verbs Forms of have Has, have, had Forms of do Do, does, did Forms of be Be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being Others Could, should, would, may, might, must, can, shall, will

Review: Direct Objects vs. Indirect Objects Direct Object: who or what receives the action I sent my grandma a birthday card. Indirect Object: who or what receives the direct object (to whom/for whom?) If the preposition “to” comes before a word, that word is not considered an indirect object.

Transitive Verbs vs. Intransitive Verbs Transitive Verb: an action verb that has a direct object. She buys her children the gifts. (What does she buy?) Intransitive Verb: an action verb that does not have a direct object. He runs quickly.

Predicate Noun vs. Predicate Adjective Subject Complement: the word after a linking verb that identifies or describes the subject. Predicate Noun: noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and identifies, renames or defines the subject. The chef is a woman. Predicate Adjective: adjective that follows a linking verb and describes or modifies the subject. The chef looks interesting.

Principle Parts of Verbs There are four principle tenses of every verb: The present (he talks) The present participle (he is talking) The past (he talked) The past participle (he has talked) The past tenses of regular verbs are formed by adding “-ed” or “-d” to the end of the present tense. The present participle is formed by adding “-ing” to the present tense.

Principle Parts of Verbs (Continued) Present (Verb) Present Participle (am/is/are verb + ing) Past (verb + ed) Past Participle (have/has verb + ed) play is playing played has played bark is barking barked has barked cook is cooking cooked has cooked

Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs have past tenses that are not formed by adding “-ed” or “-d” to the present tense. There are five different groups of irregular verbs. Group 1 The forms of the present, past and past participle are the same Group 2 The forms of the past and past participle are the same. Group 3 The past participle is formed by adding “-n” or “-en” to the past. Group 4 The past participle is formed from the present, often adding “-n”, “-en” or “-ne”. Group 5 The last vowel changes from “i” in the present to “a” in the past and to “u” in the past participle.

Examples of Irregular Verbs Present Past Past Participle Group 1 burst (have) burst Group 2 bring brought (has) brought Group 3 break broke (have) broken Group 4 do did (have) done Group 5 begin began (have) begun

Simple Tenses Present Progressive Past Progressive Future Progressive Present Tense: action or condition that occurs now. I eat cereal. Present Progressive I am eating cereal. Past Tense: action or condition that was completed in the past. I ate cereal. Past Progressive I was eating cereal. Future Tense: action or condition that will occur in the future. I will eat cereal. Future Progressive I will be eating cereal.

Perfect Tenses Present Perfect: action or condition that started in the past and continues into the present. Past Perfect: action or condition in the past that came before another action or condition in the past. Future Perfect: action or condition in the future that will occur before another action or condition in the future.

Perfect Tenses (Continued) Singular Plural Present Perfect (has/have + past participle) I have eaten You have eaten He/she has eaten We have eaten You (all) have eaten They have eaten Past Perfect (had + past participle) I had eaten You had eaten He/she had eaten We had eaten You (all) had eaten They had eaten Future Perfect (will have + past participle) I will have eaten You will have eaten He/she will have eaten We will have eaten You (all) will have eaten They will have eaten