1. VERBS

2. What is a VERB? A WORD OR GROUP OF WORDS EXPRESSING AN ACTION OR A STATE, ESPECIALLY A STATE OF BEING. Many verbs have more than one function. Consequently, many verbs can fall into one or more verb categories

3. 4 TYPES OF VERBS ACTION VERBS: DESCRIBE PHYSICAL OR MENTAL ACTION LINKING VERBS: CONNECT THE SUBJECT IN A SENTENCE TO ITS COMPLEMENTS (PREDICATE NOUNS/PRONOUNS/ADJECTIVES) AUXILIARY VERBS: USED TO INFLECT (CHANGE) VERBS TO ACHIEVE TENSES, MOODS, ETC. MODAL VERBS: USED TO EXPRESS INFLUENCE OVER THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE (DUTY/OBLIGATION/ABILITY/PERMISSION/VOLITION/NECESSITY)

4. ACTION VERBS: DESCRIBE PHYSICAL OR MENTAL ACTION CAN BE TRANSITIVE OR INTRANSITIVE TRANSITIVE VERBS-are followed by a direct or indirect object. INTRANSITIVE VERBS-take no objects after them

5. TRANSITIVE/INTRANSITIVE ACTION VERBS: EXAMPLES Myron likes ice cream at the ball park. Evelyn read Johnny the book aloud. Debbie spoke loudly during the entire convention. Mrs. Randolph is an expert nurse. Mara always feels sick after eating Italian sausages. WWII ended successfully for the Allies. TransitiveVerbs have objects —answerwho or what after after the verb!

6. LINKING VERBS: connect the subject of a sentence to its complements: a predicate noun, a predicate pronoun or a predicate adjective. do not express action and thus may be considered intransitive. The forms of “to be,” (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, become, and became.) Various verbs related to the senses (appear, feel, look, smell, sound, taste, etc.) Verbs expressing condition or placement of the subject (become, grow, remain, seem, stay, etc.)

7. EXAMPLES OF LINKING VERBS: My great-grandfather was a famous actor. (form of “to be” The boy felt ill over the holidays. (relates to the senses) The fate of the three lost travelers remains unknown. (verb expressing condition)

8. AUXILIARY VERBS: are used to form verb tenses of verb, moods of verbs, etc. AUXILLARY VERBS INCLUDE: The forms of “to be,” (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, become, and became.) The forms of “have,” (has, have, had.) The forms of “do,” (do, does, did.)

9. EXAMPLES OF AUXILiARY (OR HELPING) VERBS My brother was asking for a toy gun for Christmas. (form of “be” / used to form the past progressive form of “ask” ) I I have wondered about that woman for years. (form of “have”/used to form the present perfect tense of “wonder”) The boy did commit to making better grades in the coming year. (form of “do”/ used to create a “do- support” verb form)

10. MODALS OR MODAL VERBS: verbs used to express influence, obligation, duty, ability, permission, volition, or necessity. May, might, and must Can and could Will, would, shall, and should Ought (to), had better and had best Have to and need to Used to Dare

11. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE In active voice sentences, the subject is the thing or person that does the action in the sentence Most sentences are active. In passive voice sentences, the thing that receives the action is the subject of the sentence

12. EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE The boy kicked his sister in the head. The goats ate most of the vegetables in the garden. Many people saw that movie. She was kicked in the head by her brother. Most of the garden vegetables were eaten by the goats. That movie was seen by many people.

13. VERB PHRASES-combine the auxiliary, linking and/or modal verbs with the main verb LINKING/AUXILIARY/MODALMAIN VERB VERB+VERB= PHRASE IS+SINGING WOULD HAVE+GONE WILL HAVE BEEN+WORKING

14. TWO KINDS OF VERBS: REGULAR AND IRREGULAR REGULAR VERBS-form the past tense by adding – ed IRREGULAR VERBS-form the past tense in different ways a. remain the same—burst/hit/ b. change in entire word—teach/begin/blow

15. 3 PRINCIPAL PARTS OF VERBS: A VERB’S BASIC FORMS FROM WHICH ITS OTHER FORMS ARE MADE Simple Present and Present Participle— walk/walking Simple Past—walked Past Perfect and Past Participle—have walked/walked

16. EXAMPLES OF THE 4 PRINCIPAL PARTS OF VERBS: (SIMPLE ) PRESENT PRESENT PARTICIPLE (SIMPLE) PAST PAST PARTICIPLE Dance/dancesdancing danced hit hitting hit buybuying bought shrinkshrinking shrankshrunk Class 5[edit]edit

17. VERB TENSES FORMS OF VERBS THAT SHOW WHEN AN ACTION HAPPPENS SIX (6) BASIC TENSES 3 SIMPLE TENSES 3 PERFECT TENSES 6 PROGRESSIVE FORMS 2 EMPHATIC FORMS

18. THE SIMPLE TENSES PRESENT PAST FUTURE

19. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Expr esses present action or condition The copier works now. Expresses regularly occurring action or condition My copies are ready now. Expresses constant action or condition I use the copier every day. ALSO: Used to introduce a quotation in an essay (The author STATES, “blah, blah.”) Expresses action in a piece of literature as if happening now (In the story, Usher THINKS that he is going mad.)

20. EXPRESSING THE SIMPLE TENSE IN THREE WAYS: PRESENT PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PRESENT EMPHATIC I STUDY. I AM STUDYING. I DO STUDY.

21. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE ActivePassive -3rd person singular, present form +-s/-es -other singular/plural forms, use unchanged present form. EXAMPLE: The janitor (he) cleans the restroom each day. -am,is,are + past participle EXAMPLE: The restroom is cleaned every day.

22. SIMPLE PAST TENSE Expresses an action or condition that started and ended in the past. Expresses action or condition that happened at a definite time in the past EXAMPLES: She washed her car. I saw a movie yesterday. Marie bought a new house. Last year, I traveled to Japan.