UNIT 5 REVIEW SHEET KEY

MUTATIONS SECTION 12. A change in DNA. 13. Mutagen 14. The order of amino acids determines the type of protein made; therefore, a frameshift Mutation is more destructive because it changes more amino acids, which affects the protein more: there is no chance it could ever be a silent mutation. 15. Gene mutation affects only a small segment of DNA. Chromosomal mutations affect large amounts of DNA = a large number of proteins are affected. 16. Gametes = Meiosis 17. NO / Most are Neutral substitution mutations that cause genetic variation. 18. A. Substitution = Point (changes ONLY ONE AMINO ACID) B. Insertion = Frameshift (moves all nucleotides over and affect MANY AMINO ACIDS). C. Deletion = Frameshift (moves all nucleotides over and affect MANY AMINO ACIDS).

DNA SECTION 1. S = & P = BASE SEQUENCE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT = C, T, G, T, A 2. Nucleotide 3. Double Helix 4. Hydrogen Bonds / so we can open the strands for replication & transcription to read the code 5.Phosphate & Sugar 6. Nitrogen Base 7. Replication / Nucleus / S Phase of Interphase in cell cycle for reproduction or repair. 8. 3 (2 new strands of DNA), 1 (DNA unwinds and unzips), & 2 (DNA nucleotides are added)

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PAGE 3 SECTION 19. A. Transcription B. Replication C. Translation 20. Nucleus / Cytoplasm @ a ribosome 21. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid, Deoxyribose, ATCG, Double & Nucleus RNA = Ribonucleic Acid, Ribose, AUCG, Nucleus & Cytoplasm 22. A. mRNA B. rRNA C. tRNA D. rRNA E. mRNA F. tRNA  must be complimentary to codon for ribosome to keep that amino acid G. tRNA H. mRNA I. rRNA

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PAGE 4-5 SECTION 23. Protein / Ribosomes 24. Amino Acids/ tRNA 25. 1 codon / 3 bases 26. Make sure for DNA strand A – T, and C – G, for mRNA and tRNA A-U and C-G. If this was done correctly the amino acid sequence should be: Glu – Glu Acid – Leu – Leu – Val 27. A – Nucleus B. mRNA C. Ribosome D. tRNA E. Anticodon F. Codon 28. Figure 1 depicts REPLICATION Figure 2 depicts TRANSCRIPTION Figure 3 depicts TRANSLATION Figure 4 depicts a MUTATION 29. NO / the environment can influence the expression of a gene 30. Sunlight, radiation, temperature, rain, etc. = evironmental factors.