1. Protein Synthesis Study Guide

2. DNA and RNA
DNA has 2 strands, RNA has 1.
DNA has thymine , RNA has uracil
DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose

3. Nucleotides
Phosphate
5 carbon sugar
Nitrogenous base

4. DNA
Double helix
Structure discovered by Watson and Crick

5. Proteins
All human proteins are made of a combination of 20 amino acids.
Amino acids are connected by peptide bonds.
Chains of amino acids make up proteins

6. Complementary bases
DNA
T-A
C-G
RNA
A-U

7. Three processes
Replication: DNA made from DNA
Transcription: mRNA made from DNA
Translation: mRNA pairs up with tRNA

8. Mutations
Insertion: one more base
Deletion: one less base
Inversion: a segment is flipped, but the number of bases is unchanged
Mutagen: an agent in the environment that can change DNA

9. The bases
Purines: 2 rings, Adenine, Guanine
Pyrimidines: 1 ring, Thymine (in DNA), Uracil (in RNA), and Cytosine
3 base sequence in mRNA is a codon
3 base sequencein tRNA is an anti-codon

10. DNA is always found in the nucleus only
In the cell
DNA is always found in the nucleus only
Protein synthesis takes place at the ribosome, which is made of rRNA.