THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

3 parts of the cardiO. system Objective 1 – TLW identify the major components of the cardiovascular system (heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, blood) Heart (a hollow muscle) Blood vessels (veins, arteries, capillaries) Blood

Deliver materials to the cells Removes waste from our cells FUNCTIONS Deliver materials to the cells Removes waste from our cells Helps maintain body temperature

FUNCTIONS -- These materials are essential to the body’s cells. Oxygen (O2) DELIVERS MATERIALS TO THE CELLS -- Blood delivers nutrients, oxygen, and other materials to the body’s cells. -- These materials are essential to the body’s cells. Nutrients

functions REMOVES WASTES FROM OUR CELLS -- Blood carries carbon dioxide to our lungs to be eliminated when we exhale -- Blood also carries wastes such as water and urea to the kidneys to be eliminated in urine

functions HELPS MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE -- The cardiovascular system helps our bodies to adapt through hot and cold conditions. -- When we are hot, heat is transferred from our muscles and internal organs to the skin to cause us to sweat, cooling us down. -- When we are cold, heat is transferred to the internal organs to keep them working properly.

The heart **The arrows represent the flow of blood through the heart**

The heart is a hollow muscular pump. Objective 1 – TLW identify the major components of the cardiovascular system. Objective 2 – TLW explain the functions of the major components of the cardiovascular system. The heart is a hollow muscular pump. It is about the size of a clenched fist. The heart beats about 60-80 times per minute, at rest.

chambers THE 4 CHAMBERS OF THE HEART: -- Two upper chambers called the right and left atrium -- Two lower chambers called the right and left ventricles -- Blood flows in one direction on its way through the heart. -- There are 4 valves at the end of each chamber that prevent the back flow of blood.

**Atria always receive blood; Ventricles always pump blood** chambers **Atria always receive blood; Ventricles always pump blood**

circulation THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART: -- Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart by way of a Vena cava and enters the right atrium -- Blood flows from the right atrium through a valve and into the right ventricle -- From the right ventricle blood is pumped to the lungs. -- In the lungs the blood releases CO2 and it picks up O2 from inhaled air. Largest vein in the body

circulation -- This newly oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. -- From the left atrium blood goes through a valve and into the left ventricle. -- Blood leaves the left ventricle, enters the Aorta, and goes out to the body’s cells. Largest artery in the body

circulation **The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs** **The left side of your heart receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body**

4 Chambers worksheet The Right Atrium receives blood from the body which contains carbon dioxide. The Right Ventricle pumps blood with carbon dioxide back to the lungs. The Left Atrium receives blood from the lungs. The Left Ventricle pumps blood with oxygen to all parts of the body, except the lungs. Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

4 chambers worksheet **PLEASE NOTE** The left side of the heart is thicker than the right side because of the requirements to pump blood from the left side throughout the entire body, as opposed to the right side only pumping through the lungs.

blood Objective 3 – TLW identify the components of blood and blood vessels. BLOOD: -- Blood delivers oxygen, hormones, and nutrients to the cells and carries away wastes that the cells produce. -- About 55% of blood volume consists of plasma, which is mostly water *PLASMA – the fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended

blood BLOOD: --Red Blood Cells – makes up about 40% of blood -- RBC’s transport oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body. -- Formed in bone marrow and contain hemoglobin. *HEMOGLOBIN – the oxygen-carrying protein in blood; it contains iron that binds with oxygen in the lungs, and releases oxygen in the tissues. -- Hemoglobin also binds with carbon dioxide, which is carried to and released in the lungs.

blood BLOOD: -- White Blood Cells - make up about 1% of blood -- The main role of the WBC’s is to protect the body against infection and to fight infection when it occurs. -- WBC’s are also made in the bone marrow and are part of the body’s immune system. -- When infection is present, production of WBC’s increases.

blood BLOOD: -- Platelets – make up about 4-5% of blood -- Platelets are cells that prevent the body’s loss of blood. -- When we have a wound, platelets release chemicals that help to prevent and stop further bleeding. -- These chemicals, along with Red and White Blood Cells, help to form a scab, which stops the loss of blood.

Components of blood

Blood vessels THE 3 TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS: Objective 3 – TLW identify the components and functions of the blood vessels. THE 3 TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS: Arteries  TAKE BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART Capillaries Veins  TAKE BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART

BLOOD VESSELS ARTERIES: -- Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. -- Have walls lined with smooth muscle to control the amount of blood flowing through the arteries into the capillaries. -- The Aorta is the biggest artery, which blood flows to a branching of smaller and smaller arteries.

Blood vessels CAPILLARIES: -- Connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins -- Allow oxygen, nutrients, and other essential materials to enter the cells of the body. -- Also allows wastes to be removed from the cells.

Blood vessels VEINS: -- Carries deoxygenated blood back into the heart. -- Vena Cavas are the largest veins.

DIAGRAM Body Cells Artery Vein Capillary Nutrients Oxygen Materials CO2 Waste CO2 Waste The capillary wall is only 1 cell thick. This allows materials to pass through.

DIAGRAM OF HEART