1. The Circulatory System

2. Which activity caused the pulse rate to increase the most?
The activity that was the most rigorous.

3. What is the relationship between physical activity and pulse rate?
Increased physical activity causes an increased pulse rate.

4. Why do you think activity caused the heart to pump faster?
The muscles need more oxygen and need to get rid of waste faster. The heart pumps faster to get more blood to the muscles.

5. The Circulatory System
Made up of (organs):
heart
blood vessels (veins and arteries)
blood
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

6. Main Functions Moves needed materials around the body
glucose
oxygen
water
lipids
Carries waste away from the cells
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
urea
Contains disease fighters

7. The Heart Hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
size of your fist
located in the center of the chest

8. Structure of the Heart The heart has two sides
Each side has an upper chamber
Atrium
Each side has a lower chamber
Ventricle

10. Structure of the Heart Blood enters the heart through the atria
From the body – right atrium
From the lungs – left atrium
Blood leaves the heart through the ventricles
To the body – left ventricle
To the lungs – right ventricle

11. How the Heart Works

12. How the Heart Works The heart’s action has two phases
The heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood
The atria contract, blood is pumped into the ventricles, then the ventricles contract and send blood out of the heart
Blood only travels in one direction, it cannot flow backwards

13. Regulation of the Heartbeat
The heart contains pacemaker cells that tell the heart when to beat
When you are exercising, excited, scared etc…, your heart beats faster
When you are relaxed, calm, asleep etc…, your heart beats slower

14. Blood Vessels Blood vessels transport blood around your body
They run through all the tissue in your body
Some are as wide as your thumb
Some are as small as a hair

15. Arteries Carries oxygen rich blood away from the heart
The ventricles of the heart pump into the arteries to get blood to the rest of your body
As arteries get further from the heart, they branch and get smaller and turn into arterioles

16. Artery walls are very thick, strong and flexible
They contain smooth muscle that contracts or relaxes to let more or less blood through

17. Arteries

18. Regulating Blood Flow
The muscles in the middle layer are involuntary smooth muscles
When they contract, the artery becomes smaller
When they relax, the artery becomes larger

19. Regulating Blood Flow
When an organ needs more blood, the arteries relax to let more flow in
Food in your stomach triggers your arteries going to the stomach to relax so more blood is sent there
During exercise, the arteries to your stomach contract and the arteries to your legs and arms relax

20. Capillaries Arterioles turn into capillaries
Tiny blood vessels where material is exchanged between the blood and the body’s cells
Oxygen and glucose rich blood from the arteries goes into the capillaries
From the capillaries needed materials pass into the cells and waste material is removed from the cells

21. Capillaries

22. Veins Capillaries then connect to venules Venules widen into veins
The veins carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart
Blood with carbon dioxide and other cellular wastes pass from the capillaries into the veins

23. Veins have 3 layers to their walls too but the wall is much thinner
Muscle contractions, breathing and valves help move blood through veins

24. Veins

25. Oxygen rich blood from an artery
Oxygen poor blood from a vein

26. Functions of the Blood
Carries oxygen from lungs to all body cells and removes carbon dioxide from the cells
Red blood cell
White blood cell

27. Red Blood Cells Contains hemoglobin that carries oxygen
disk shape helps them fit into
capillaries
They have 4 month life span
New red blood cells are produced
in bone marrow

28. Functions of the Blood
Carries waste products of cell activity to the kidneys to be removed from the body

29. Functions of the Blood
Transports nutrients from the digestive system to body cells

30. Red Blood Cells there is a rare condition where hemoglobin is
replaced by
methemoglobin
red blood cells can’t
carry much oxygen
creates blue skin

31. Functions of the Blood
Materials in the blood help fight infection and heal wounds (white blood cells and platelets).
White blood cell: fights foreign invaders
Platelets: help blood form clots

32. White Blood Cells larger than rbc’s they can leave the blood stream
and enter into tissue
13-20 day lifespan
they fight disease

33. Platelets irregularly shaped and colorless
they help the blood form clots to
stop bleeding
5-10 day lifespan

35. Body systems that work with the circulatory system;
muscular system (cardiac muscle) helps pump blood
respiratory systems provides oxygen for the cells
digestive system provides energy
excretory system helps remove wastes

37. Which two substances does the blood transport away from body cells?
Oxygen & carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide & waste
Nutrients & waste
Oxygen & nutrients 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

38. What parts of the blood help fight off disease and heal injuries?
White blood cells & platelets
Red blood cells & platelets
White blood cells & red blood cells
White blood cells & plasma 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

39. Which is not a function of the circulatory system?
Carry nutrients & oxygen to body cells
Carry carbon dioxide & waste away from body cells
Attack disease-causing bacteria
Produce chemicals that control body processes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31