Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals

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Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals Chapter 21

Overview… 1234 CE: Mongol invasion disrupts Seljuk Turk government - death of last Abbasid caliph Ottomans fill power vacuum under leadership of Osman I - Sunni Muslims 1453 CE: Control majority of eastern Mediterranean and capture Constantinople Reach the height of their power and control in the 16th century under Suliemann the Magnificent Empire begins a gradual decline that would last until its eventual death in 1920 (end of WW I)

Ottoman Empire Sultans Janissaries Dhimmi - "people of the book" absolute rulers, but had to appease various political factions to retain power Janissaries soldiers taken from conquered regions and forcibly converted to Islam become the cornerstone of the army and a political power in their own right Dhimmi - "people of the book" Jews and Christians that most often served as merchants. Allows the Ottomans to have the first 24/7 delivery service. Important to note that commerce and production were closely controlled by the government. Vizier becomes the head of the imperial government as the sultans become distracted by a life of luxury Think Jafar from "Aladdin”

Siege of Rhodes 1522

Mehmet II enters Constantinople 1453

Ottoman Collapse Was the Ottoman decline unavoidable, or the result of their own mistakes? Dynasty lasts for 600 years...not really a "collapse“ Holds off the combined efforts of Russia, Eastern/Western Europeans and Safavids to conquer them Extent of the empire probably made it impossible to govern Corruption weakens government from the inside Problems with succession result in series of weak leaders, as well as growing paranoia of current leaders Lavish lifestyle leads to disinterested leaders and opens the door for power-hungry advisors (sound familiar?) Unwillingness to adapt to changes in technology Navy surpassed @ Battle of Lepanto Army (janissaries) unwilling to adapt Inherit a contempt for all things Western Impact of Portuguese trade (loss of wealth) & Spanish silver

Safavids

Naghshe Jahan Square – Isfahan (capital city)

Mughals

Claims to Fame

HOMEWORK!!! CC Essay Prompt Within the period of 1450 to 1800, compare the processes (e.g. political, economic, social) of empire building in the Spanish empire with empire building processes in ONE of the following. The Ottoman Empire The Russian Empire