1. Muslim Empires

2. Death of Muhammad No successor (Caliph) Abu Bakr – Father in Law
Disagreement over chosen leader
Sunni (90%)
Any good, capable Muslim
Shiite
Blood relative (descendant) of Mohammad
Differ in religious practice, law, and daily life

3. Two Muslim Empires Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Dynasty Shiite’s Sunnis
Overtook Umayyad’s
Fled to Spain*
Seljuk Turks conquers
Mongols
Convert to Islam
Golden age of Islam
Sunnis
Expand empire
Overtake Byzantine Empire in Northern Africa
Spain
Indus River Valley

4. Muslims in India
What does the founder have to do with the name “Mughal”?
What are the Mughal’s responsible for today?
How were Akbar and Aurangzeb similar and different?
What lead to the decline of the Mughal Empire?

5. Safavid Empire Shi’ite Muslim’s in Persia 12 year old seizes [Iran]
Built powerful army (location)
12 year old seizes [Iran]
Execute those who do not convert
Sunni
Fought Sunni Muslims who were Ottoman’s
40,000 Shi’ite’s executed in Ottoman Empire
Battle of Chaldiran
Set current day border of Iran and Iraq

6. What is the Ottoman Empire?
Turkish (Muslim) empire
Originated in Northern Anatolia in early 1300s
Lead by Osman I
Many modern societies have origins under Ottoman rule (Turkey)

7. Ottoman Rule Absorbed Muslims of Anatolia Conquered Constantinople
Renamed Istanbul
Quickly turned to Muslim influence
Bribed people with homes and jobs to migrate
Protected non-Muslims
As long as they submitted and behaved (Jitza)
Millet System
Those who opposed were ruthlessly killed

8. Devshirme System Christian youths captured (or given up)
Forced to convert to Islam
Become fighters for Ottoman Empire
Smartest 10% enter Palace School
Trained to be government officials
Others sent to be trained to be fighters
Janissaries – Elite fighters

9. Twitter Page  Osman I Sultan Mehmed II Mehmet II Selim I Selim II
Suleiman I

10. Mehmed II - 1451 Attacked Constantinople at age 21
Controlled Bosporus Straight
Opened Constantinople to many different religions and backgrounds
Jews, Christians, Muslims, Turks and non-Turks
Helped rebuild city
Istanbul

11. Bosporus Strait

12. Suleyman I - 1521 Superb military leader
Most powerful Monarch on Earth at the time
46 Years
Waged war with Central Europeans, N. Africans, and Central Asians

13. Suleyman’s Achievements
Devshirme System – Conquered Christian children converted to Islam and trained as soldiers
Janissaries* - 30,000 infantry, heart of Ottoman army, superb discipline
Freedom of worship*
Studied Poetry, History, Geography, Astronomy, Math, and Architecture
Arts and Literature flourish (Patron)
Similar to European Renaissance
Persia and Arabia as Models
Mosque of Suleyman
Four schools, library, bath, and hospital

14. Suleyman’s Not So Great Achievements…
Suleyman killed ablest son
Drove another son in to exile
Final (incompetent) son inherited throne
Became customary for each new sultan (leader) to have brothers strangled and keep his sons as prisoners in complete isolation….WHY?
Produced long line of weak sultans