Migration

Ravenstein’s Migration Laws Short distance(s) Step-by-step One current produces another current Females more migratory within country; males more migratory outside Adults, families tend to stay in home country Longer the distance more likely to move to large city Ravenstein’s Migration Laws

Ravenstein’s Migration Laws From rural to urban Large towns grow more from migration than birth rates Increases as industry develops and transportation improves Agricultural to industrial areas Economics is the MAJOR cause Ravenstein’s Migration Laws

Push factors: issues leading people to leave a specific location Pull factors: issues leading people to move to a specific location Economic Push/Pull Job prospects Natural resources Educational opportunities Reasons for Migrating

Reasons for Migrating Cultural Push/Pull Slavery Political instability Boundaries to split two+ groups Wars/Conflict Refugees: forced to move & can’t return for fear of persecution (internal or international) Reasons for Migrating

Reasons for Migrating Environmental Push/Pull Intervening Obstacles Physically attractive regions Technological advancements Health/Allergy issues Water (too much/little) Okies/Dust Bowl New Orleans/Katrina Intervening Obstacles Reasons for Migrating

Distance of Migration Internal Migration: within same country Interregional: one region to another Typically rural to urban Intraregional: within same region Typically urban to suburban International Migration: to new country Migration Transition & Demo. Trans. Model Stage 1: non-permanent or seasonal Stage 2: more international or interregional Stages 3 & 4: more internal Distance of Migration

Characteristics of Migration

Characteristics of Migration

Global Migration Patterns Largest flows: Asia to Europe Asia to North America Latin America to North America Global Migration Patterns

Global Migration Patterns

US Immigration Patterns Initial colonization English/Western Europe and African Mid 1800s to early 1900s German/Irish and East European 1970s to Present Latin American and Asian US Immigration Patterns

US Immigration Patterns

Region to Region Migration: U.S. Center of Population: average location of everyone in the country Population, transportation, and technology Region to Region Migration: U.S.

Region to Region Migration: Russia Est. factories near raw materials rather than existing populations Far North (incl. Siberia) 45% land area but only 2% of population USSR used forced migration and later incentives Komsomol: volunteers on school breaks to help construct projects Today: factories locate wherever Region to Region Migration: Russia

Region to Region Migration: Brazil Population along coast, not inland Created Brasília as inland capital Region to Region Migration: Brazil

Region to Region Migration: Indonesia 2/3 of population lived on Java Since 1969, paid 5+ million to move to other islands 5 acres of land Materials to build home Starter seeds Initial food supplies Little true success Region to Region Migration: Indonesia

Region to Region Migration: Europe Italy: south to north in search of jobs Unemployment: south 20%, north 5% United Kingdom: north to south Leaving factory jobs for service jobs Region to Region Migration: Europe

Region to Region Migration: India Permit required to migrate to—or even visit—State of Assam Created during British era To protect Assamese ethnic minority Assam borders Bangladesh = international limitations as well Region to Region Migration: India

Migration within ONE Region Rural to Urban U.S.: 1800-5%, 1920-50%, Today-75% Worldwide, 20 million move to urban each year Urban to Suburban MDC: twice as many move from central city to suburb as from suburb to central city Not for jobs but for lifestyle Metro to Nonmetro New trend in MDCs, esp. in retirement ages Migration within ONE Region

Migration within ONE Region

Migration within ONE Region