1. Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
APHUG

2. Ravenstein’s Laws “Laws” can be organized into 3 categories
- Distance of migration
- Reasons for migration
- Characteristics of migrants

3. Ravenstein’s laws
1. Net migration amounts to only a fraction of gross migration.
2. Most migrants only go a short distance.
3. Migrants who do move far tend to choose big city destinations.
4. Urban residents are less migratory than rural residents.
5. Most international migrants are young adults.
6. Most migrants proceed step-by-step.

4. Continuation...
7. Large cities tend to grow by migration, rather than by natural increase.
8. Major cause of voluntary migration is economic.
9. Females are more migratory than males within their country of birth, but males frequently venture beyond.
10. Migration increases in volume as industries and commerce develop and transport improves.
11. The usual direction of migration is from agricultural areas to centres of industry and commerce.

5. Ravenstein’s Laws and the Gravity Model (but not really a model)
Migration Theories Recap
Follow your notes and add to as you listen – list examples, terms, etc.

6. Wilbur Zelinsky’s Migration Transition
Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from the social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.
International more common in Stage 2
Internal more common in Stages 3 & 4

7. Migration Activity Copy Table 3-1 into your notes!!!!
Make a third column where you give an EXAMPLE for each stage.

8. Distance of Migration
Internal migration is more consistent with the distance – decay principle, farther away a place is, the less likely people will migrate
- Interregional – different region
- Intraregional – within one region

9. International Migration Patterns
About 9% of world’s population are international migrants (live in countries other than where born)
3 largest flows of global migration –
From Asia to Europe
From Asia to North America
From Latin America to North America
Reflects global pattern of migration from developing to developed countries

10. Asia, Latin America, and Africa – net out migration
North America, Europe, and Oceania have net in-migration
Petroleum-exporting (OPEC) countries of SW Asia also have net in-migration, due to migration from poorer countries in Asia, willing to work in oil fields