The 13 Colonies

Vocabulary Colony Indentured Servants Joint Stock Company Plantation Charter (1st definition) Salutary Neglect (p51) Compact Triangle Trade Proprietary Colony Middle Passage (p443) Royal Colony Mercantilism Religious Dissenters Repeal Puritan Delegates Pilgrims Independence

America: A British Colony Salutary Neglect – British government left us alone for almost 200 years and Americans began governing themselves (relaxed enforcement for continued loyalty) British citizens left to settle in America – government & laws were set up similar to Britain but because Britain was so far away citizens began governing themselves

Class Discussion Question: Would you follow the your parent’s rules if they were out of town? What would you do different?

Bringing English Heritage to America A colony is a group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere. English colonists in America remained loyal subjects of England. They accepted common law and expected the same rights they enjoyed in England. In the 1600’s and 1700’s England was starting to establish colonies in the Americas for economic purposes

English Colonies Unrest in England King Charles I insisted that people should worship his way Puritans- member of an English religious group The Great Migration Great Migration- Puritans left in 1630s to the Americas because of persecution. The leader of the Great Migration was John Winthrop.

Massachusetts Bay Colony – established by the Puritans Commonwealth - a community in which people work together for the whole. Winthrop was the governor of the colony. Settlers had a supposed “agreement” with God to have a holy city.

Challenges to Puritans Dissenter- someone who challenges the generally accepted views of a Church or society. Puritans got mad at William Penn (dissenter who founded Pennsylvania for the Quakers) because he said the King had no right to sell Indians land. Quakers faced Persecution Quakers believed that you found God through your soul and that neither the Bible nor ministers were needed. Quakers were hanged and tortured for their beliefs.

Types of Government in Colonial America 2 Systems of government formed: House of Burgesses - Virginia Jamestown – established 1607 Mayflower Compact – Massachusetts Plymouth Colony – established 1620 Both are examples of Locke’s Social Contract Theory They had little power, but were important because it was the beginning of self-government in colonial America

Mayflower Compact – Massachusetts Plymouth Colony – established 1620 Direct democracy Members signed the compact Still active today in New England in the form of Town Hall meetings

Mayflower Compact "In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620."

Colonial Governments By 1733 all 13 colonies had established governments All had a governor & legislature Most legislatures were bicameral (2 houses) Colonists began to separate themselves from England & rule themselves

New England Colonies

New England Economy based on shipping, fishing, and timber. Colonial New England Towns New England farmers lived in towns and also worked in fields. Each town had a meetinghouse where they made laws and determine fees for workers. The New England Way The meetinghouse was also used for church services, stricter than today.

Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania & Delaware Pennsylvania founded by William Penn for Quakers Would become place of freedom for all religions Known as the “Bread Colonies” for production of wheat and other grains Farming, lumber, and furs key to these colonies

Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina & Georgia Georgia was a colony originally for common criminals, debtors and poor people. Used as a buffer for other colonies from Spanish and Native American attacks Tobacco was cash crop at first and cotton wouldn’t be key until the early 1800s Large plantations and slavery ruled the South

King George III