What did the end of the war mean for the south? When was the war over? What did the end of the war mean for the south? How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the south in 1863? In 1865? Who is president after the war? Why?

The 2nd Civil War

Reconstruction Problems This was a period of time after the war to rebuild the south. What was the country going to do with 4 million free blacks? What should be done with the south? Who controls Reconstruction: President or Congress?

South After the War

How will this help women? Accomplish what goal? Social North & South lost a generation of men 2% population gone= 620,000 Millions wounded Women Became head of household….Why? Jobs: Worked in field and factories Nurses in battlefields How will this help women? Accomplish what goal?

Political Power of the federal gov’t strengthen #1 goal…to preserve the union African Americans gain political rights: 13th (1865) abolished slavery 14th (1868) Granted citizenship (EVERYONE born or naturalized in USA) 15th (1870) Gave African Americans the right to vote…….MEN only

Plans for Reconstruction

Lincoln’s Plan Believed that the South never legally w/drew from the Union so restoration was to be simple Called 10% plan 10% of those who voted in 1860 had to swear a loyalty oath to union and receive a pardon Ratify 13th amendment Abolished slavery Views on free blacks Didn’t care about social and political equality just wanted the union back together

Johnson’s Plan Offer pardons and restoration of land if you swore allegiance to the Union & Constitution Each state must rewrite state constitution and add the 13th amendment No pardon for high ranking Confederate officials Views on blacks Had little sympathy Believe gov’t for the whites

Radical Republicans Who are they? Majority party in Congress (dominated by Rep.) Leader: Thaddeus Stevens Wanted to punish the south Advocate full citizenship and the right to vote for all blacks

Congress President Power Struggle Wants harsh reconstruction Wade-Davis Bill Majority of states (50%) prewar voters swear loyalty to the Union Who’s in control of Congress? Radical Republicans supported an easy Reconstruction he favored the south Who is the President? Johnson Congress and the President both agree on abolition

Am I free? At 1st many freed Blacks face confusing situation Plantation owners refused to set them free (threaten violence) Not a real law until state courts say it is Some stayed with masters (loyally) Others ram shacked their master’s land, property & even whipping the old master (built up hatred) Those that were set free took to the roads to find work, loved ones and headed north Church became focus in the Black community

Congress created Freedman’s Bureau 1865-1872 Set up to help free blacks and poor whites Intended to provide Food, clothing, medical care & education Biggest success: taught about 200,000 blacks read (also read word of God) Later vetoed by Johnson Republicans saw him as protecting Southerners

So…What did the South do? 1. swore loyalty to union (Tenn. only) 2. Pass the 13th amendment (Tenn. only) 3. Sent old confederate representatives back to Congress 4. Began to rebuild back to prewar times Exp: passed black codes laws after the Civil war Aimed at keeping the Black population in submission & in the fields Convicts who had violated the Black Codes

Black Codes Many didn’t know what they would do after the war; many just drifted This upset white southerners Black Codes: Limit blacks socially and economically Allowed marriages Children could still be beat/whipped by whites Right to sue (not whites) Can’t be on a jury Can’t carry weapons Can’t marry whites Curfews Travel Permits Couldn’t own land Only allowed to work certain jobs (servants and farm laborers) Intended to keep them in the condition of slavery

Congress is Mad!!!! Are U Serious?!?!?! Pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866 1. All blacks are were American citizens 2. if states denied citizenship to Blacks, then its reps. in Electoral College be reduced 3. former Confederates could not hold office 4. No Black codes!!! Had to be reinforced with an amendment because states were not enforcing it Johnson vetoes this but Congress overrides him