The respiratory system

Major structures Nose -------- nas/o Sinuses ------ sinus/o Epiglottis ------ epiglott/o Pharynx -------- pharyng/o Larynx --------- blaring /o Trachea ------- trache/o Brocnchi ------- bronch/o, bronchi/o Alveoli -------- alveoli/o Lungs ------ pneum/o

Functions of the respiratory system: Bring oxygen rich air into the body for delivery to the blood cell. Expel waste products (carbon dioxide and water). Produce the air flow through the larynx that makes speech possible.

Structure of the respiratory system It is consists of A. The upper respiratory tract, that consists of Nose, which contains nasal cavity nasal septum Mucous membrane (mucus, cilia, olfactory receptors).

2- Mouth which contain Tooth Tongue Gum 3-Pharynx which contain Nasopharynx Oropharynx laryngopharynx

4- Epiglottis which contain orophaynx and laryngopharynx Epiglottis 5-Larynx which contain voice box Larynex glottis

6- Trachea which contain Windpipe or airway Mucous membrane lining with cilia Smooth muscle with c-shaped cartilage rings Divided into tow branches No gaseous exchange

B. The lower respiratory tract consist of Bronchial tree Lungs

Medical specialties related to the respiratory system A pulmonologist : Is a physician who specializes in diagnosis and treating disease. A respiratory therapist (RT) : Provides treatment of breathing problems.

Medical terms related to the respiratory system Tonsils : Lymphatic tissue in the back of the mouth near the throat. Breathing: a process by which air enters and leaves the body. Inhalation: (or inspiration) is the flow of air into the body. Exhalation (or expiration) is the flow of the respiratory current out of the body. 

The common terms related to respiratory system Meaning Asthma Chronic allergic disorder characterized by breathing difficulty coughing and wheezing Bronchiectasis Chronic enlargement of bronchi Epistaxis Bleeding from nose Pertussis Whooping cough Sinusitis Inflammation of sinuses Pharyngitis Inflammation of pharynx

The common terms related to respiratory system Meaning Laryngitis Inflammation of larynx bronchitis Inflammation of bronchial wall Pleural effusion Abnormal escape of fluid into the pleural cavity hemothorax Accumulation of blood in the plural cavity hemoptisis Spitting of blood Pulmonary edema Accumulation of fluid in lung tissue tuberculosis Infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis attached to lung

The common terms related to respiratory system Pneumonia Inflammation of lungs the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid Tachypnea Rapid rate of respiration more than 20 breath per minute Bradypnea low rate of respiration less than 10 breath per minute Apnea Absence of respiration Dyspnea Difficult of breathing Cyanosis Bluish discoloration of skin caused by lack of oxygen Bronchscopy Visual examination of the bronchi

LABORATORY TESTS AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES Bronchoscopy: Visual examination of the bronchial tubes with an endoscope. Computed tomography (CT) scan: Cross-sectional x-ray images of the chest. Laryngoscopy: Visual examination of the larynx via the placement of a flexible tube (laryngoscope) through the nose or mouth and into the larynx. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnetic waves and radiofrequency waves create images of the chest in three planes of the body. Pulmonary angiography: X-ray images are taken of the blood vessels in the lung after the injection of contrast material into a blood vessel. A blockage, such as a pulmonary embolism, can be located with this procedure.