1. The RESPIRATORY System
Unit 3
Transportation Systems

2. The Respiratory System

3. Functions of the Respiratory System
Warm, moisten, and filter incoming air.
Nasal cavity warms, and moistens the air as it enters the body.
Resonating chambers for speech and sound production.
Larynx generates the sound, nose provides the resonating chamber.
Carbon dioxide gas exchange.
Alveoli serve as the site for gas exchange.

4. Respiratory System
Alveoli

5. Air Flow Air enters through the nasal cavity
Through the pharynx (nasopharynx then oropharynx and laryngopharynx)
Epiglottis
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs

6. Nose Bony framework, cartilage, skin, and mucous membrane lining.
Nostrils provide openings.
Septum separates into right and left sides.
Warms, moistens, and filters incoming air, smell, and provides resonating chambers for speech and sound production.

7. Nasal Cavity
Large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.
Air is warmed, filtered, and humidified.
Holds nerve endings that provide the sense of smell.

8. Deviated Septum
Thin wall of the nasal cavity is displaced to one side

9. Rhinitis Inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose
Stuffy, congestion, runny nose

10. Nose Bleeds
Tauma to the blood vessel at the anterior of the nose

11. Broken Nose
Fractures of the nasal bones

12. Pharynx (Throat)
Funnel-shaped tube located behind the mouth and nasal cavity, above the larynx.
Walls composed of skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membranes.
Three sections: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Passageway for air and food.
Resonating chamber for speech sounds and assists in the formation of words.

13. Tonsillitis
Tonsils become infected, swell and inflame

14. Pharyngitis
Sore throat, swelling of the pharynx

15. Epiglottis Opening through the larynx for the passage of air.
Located below the pharynx, attached to the entrance of the larynx.
Large, leaf-shaped piece of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the larynx and trachea.
Opening through the larynx for the passage of air.

16. Larynx (voice box) Located below the pharynx. Contains vocal cords.
Short passageway connecting the pharynx and the trachea.
Contains the epiglottis.

17. Laryngitis
Inflammed Larynx, loss of voice

19. Nodules
Calluses on the vocal chords that occur with improper voice use or overuse

20. Trachea (windpipe) Passageway for air.
Located anterior to the esophagus.
Extends from the larynx to the center of the chest where the bronchi branch off.
Supported by cartilage rings to prevent collapse.

21. Bronchi
Two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs.
The right primary bronchus is more vertical, wider, and shorter than the left.
Inhaled objects are more likely to lodge in the right bronchus.
Passageway for air.

22. Bronchioles
Bronchi continue to divide to form smaller tubes called bronchioles.
Passageway for air.

23. Alveoli Located at the end of the bronchioles.
Small air sacs which are one-cell thick and surrounded by many blood capillaries.
Site of gas exchange between air and blood.

24. Lungs
Organs where atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place.

25. Check for Understanding!1 2 3 4 7 5 8 6 9 10 11

26. Check for Understanding!
List 2 functions of the respiratory system.

27. Check for Understanding!
2. Where is your septum located and what does it do?

28. Check for Understanding!
3. What are the 3 sections of the pharynx (throat)?

29. Check for Understanding!
List the following in order how air enters for exchange:
Larynx Bronchi Nose Alveoli
Pharynx Bronchioles Trachea
Epiglottis

30. Video

31. Diseases and Disorders use chromebooks research 2-3 per group present together Signs/Symptoms Causes Treatments
Common Cold (Coryza)
Pneumonia
Lung Cancer Asthma
Bronchitis Tuberculosis
Influenza Emphysema

32. Coryza (Common Cold) Caused by one of many viruses.
Signs and symptoms include fatigue, sneezing, coughing, congestion, body aches and pains, and nasal secretions.
Can be treated by medication to reduce discomfort of signs and symptoms.

33. Pneumonia Inflammatory illness of the lung.
Lung inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling.
Infection of the alveoli
Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and chemical or physical injury to the lungs.
Symptoms include cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
Usually treated by antibiotics.

34. Lung Cancer

35. Lung Cancer
Disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
Growth may lead to invasion of adjacent tissues and infiltration beyond the lungs.
Most common symptoms are shortness of breath, coughing, and weight loss.
Common cause is long term exposure to tobacco smoke.
Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

36. Asthma Reversible obstructive airway disease.
Characterized by periods of coughing, difficulty breathing, or wheezing.
Caused by spasms of the smooth muscle that line the wall of the smaller bronchi and bronchioles.
Treated by antibiotics or the use of an inhaler.

37. Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi.
Caused by genetics, air pollution, carbon monoxide, respiratory infection, and deficient antibody levels.
Treated by antibiotics.

38. Tuberculosis
Infectious, communicable disease that destroys the lung tissue and pleura.
Inhaled respiratory droplets spread disease.
Treated by medications.

39. Influenza Contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses.
Usually comes on suddenly and may include fever, headache, extreme tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

40. Emphysema
Alveoli become stretched out and cannot push carbon dioxide and other pollutants out of the lungs.
Caused by smoking, frequent untreated respiratory infections, asthma, and abnormal stress on the lungs.
Symptoms are anxiety, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, cough, cyanosis, unequal chest expansion, elevated body temperature.
Treatment options are medications, oxygen, and the possibility of a lung transplant.