Chapter 5 Section 2 Patterns of Behavior

Animals use: sounds, scents, body movements Communication Animals use: sounds, scents, body movements Pheromone – chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of another animal

Competitive Behavior Animals compete with one another for limited resources, such as food, water, space, shelter, and mates

Showing Aggression Aggression is a threatening behavior that 1 animal uses to gain control over another. Aggression between members of the same species hardly ever results in the injury or death of any competitors

Establishing A Territory Territory – area that is occupied and defended by an animal or group of animals By establishing a territory, an animal protects its access to resources such as food, mates, and a safe area

Attracting A Mate Courtship Behavior – behavior in which males and females of the same species prepare for mating. Ensures that the males and females recognize one another, so that the mating process can occur.

Living in groups enables animals to cooperate and survive Group Behavior Living in groups enables animals to cooperate and survive

Living in groups protects animals against predators Safety In Groups Living in groups protects animals against predators Animals in a group sometimes cooperate in fighting off a predator

Animal Societies Societies – is a group of closely related animals of the same species that work together in a highly organized way There is a division of labor – different individuals perform different tasks Examples: ants, termites, honeybees, pistol shrimp

Cyclic behaviors usually change the course of a day or a season. Behavior Cycles Cyclic behaviors usually change the course of a day or a season. These occur in regular, predictable patterns

Circadian Rhythms – behavior cycles that occur over a day Daily Cycles Circadian Rhythms – behavior cycles that occur over a day Example: Blowflies search for food during the day and rest at night

Hibernation Some behavior cycles are related to seasons Hibernation is a state of greatly reduced body activity that occurs during the winter when food is scarce. During hibernation: breathing and heartbeat slows down Bodies use stored fat to meet their needs

Migration Migration is the regular, seasonal journey of an animal from 1 place to another and back again. Animals usually migrate to an area that provides a lot of food or a good environment for reproduction. Animals use sight, taste, and other senses including some that humans do not have