Settlement in Canada

Where we’ve been, where we’re going… We’ve learned about who the people in Canada are Demography Birth rate / death rate – natural increase Immigration / emigration – net migration Dependency load Baby boomers Aboriginal People **We will cover immigration next week ** Now we’ll learn where the people are… why they’re there…. And why we should care…

Big Idea The distribution and characteristics of human settlement in Canada are determined by many factors and may change over time. Canada’s population is not evenly distributed. To think about: - How are settlements in Canada distributed ? - What are the characteristics of these settlements ? - What factors determine where people settle? - How can settlements change over time?

Where are the people ? By the US-Canada border (south of country) South – East

Where are the Aboriginal People ?

Where are the French-speaking people?

Where are the foreign-born people?

Population Distribution vs. Population Density Population Distribution: refers to the pattern of settlement People live spread out form one another or close together Population Density: refers to the number of people living in a square kilometre (km2) High population density means crowded Low population density means

Settlement Patterns : Linear Occurs along major highways in rural areas Exists along ocean shores in areas where fishing is a big industry Along a river

Settlement Patterns : Scattered Low population density Typical in rural areas where people live in farms

Settlement Pattern: Concentrated High population density Occurs where natural resources are present Natural resources >> people settle close >> attract more people / families grow >> services >> before you know it you have a town! Canada’s settlement patterns vary – sometimes rural (scattered) sometimes urban (concentrated) Toronto

Rural Settlement Patterns Occurs outside cities or towns Low population density Dispersed population distribution pattern Think: What influenced rural settlement? Why would you settle there?

Factors that Influence Rural Settlement Type of resources in area What’s there? Water? Animals for hunting? Fish? Fertile land? Oil? Ex. Southwestern Ontario has some of most fertile land in Canada Transportation methods available If you can only access a place by boat, the place will develop along water After 1880 – railroad built – resulted in settlements near railroads

In class – quickly Compare living in rural areas with living in urban areas

Historical Types of Rural Settlement Long Lots of Southern Quebec Rich agricultural resources attracted people here Long lot pattern so everyone can have access to water (St. Lawrence River) Taxes based on river frontage (so unless you were rich, you could only afford a bit of land directly beside water and expand away from water)

Historical Types of Rural Settlement Concession System of Southern Ontario Rural settlement based off roads (not water) Land surveyed (portioned off, divided) into blocks Group of blocks = township, group of township = county

Toronto

What factors determine settlement / location? Why there ? What factors determine settlement / location?

If you are…. …A family of 4, with two young children – where would you go? …A new family to Canada – where would you go? …A recent university graduate – where would you go? …A newly retired teacher – where would you go? …An owner of a lumber (wood production) company – where would you go? …A fisherman – where would you go?

Why there? It depends! What are some factors to consider for location? On your needs On the resources available What are some factors to consider for location? - Take 2 minutes to jot down what you would consider….

What determines location? Climate – warm, cold, rainy, sunny, windy… Landform – mountains, flat, hills, lakes Availability/proximity of resources – near water, near oil, near food Transport – train, buses, roads Energy – type of energy, clean energy? Expensive? Social service – social housing, schools, hospitals, community centres… Cultural attitudes – no sexism, no ageism, no homophobia, no racism, open to ‘difference’ Communication networks – linked to the rest of the world …

Class/Home work Compare Nunavut to Ontario Read the article on Nunavut Write a 50-word response on it (What did you already know? What did you learn? What surprised you most? What questions do you have after reading the article?) Complete the chart (in point form) comparing Nunavut and Ontario (do no worry about the Canada column) - Use the end of Chapter 17 (Creating Nunavut) and the internet for extra information

Nunavut Life in Iqaluit

Trends in Migration / Changes in Settlement Canada on the move! Trends in Migration / Changes in Settlement

Big Idea The distribution and characteristics of human settlement in Canada are determined by many factors and may change over time. Canada’s population is not evenly distributed. To think about: - How are settlements in Canada distributed ? - What are the characteristics of these settlements ? - What factors determine where people settle? - How can settlements change over time?

Trends in Migration (within Canada) Rural to Urban (What is this trend called?) Aboriginal People moving to cities (urban) East to West WHAT DOES THIS ALL MEAN FOR US ?! Consequences… Impacts… Changes…

Trend #1: Rural to Urban Why would people want to do this? What impact would that have on society? URBANIZATION - Movement of people from rural to urban areas

Trend #2: Aboriginal People moving to cities (urban centres) Why would they want to do this? What impact does this have on Native communities? What impact does this have on the cities? What impact does this have on Canada?

Trend #3: People from central/eastern provinces move to Alberta Why ? Alberta has a lot of a much needed natural resource = OIL Needed natural resources > jobs (to extract it) > people go there to work > eventually start families > towns are established

VERY BRIEF INTRO TO OIL SANDS Our society is currently very dependent on oil. Oil can be found deep underground in limited supply (we WILL eventually run out of oil). Oil is used for too many things To make plastics To make lubricants for machinery To make asphalt (used in road construction) To fuel our cars To provide electricity To make products like TVs, sneakers, computers…

Oil Sands Oil Sands = deposit of Bitumen (Oil) + Sand + Water Athabasca Oil Sand (Alberta) is largest and most advanced

Questions to consider Where do people live in Canada and why? What patterns do you see in the location of First Nations reserves across Canada? What are some factors that account for the location of reserves? What are some physical factors that may influence the location of a settlement? How might access to transportation influence the development and density of communities? Why do people live where they do? What would you do to attract people to a particular location? Why would people choose to leave a rural life and move to an urban settlement? Why would people choose to move to another province or territory? What are the impacts of these trends on society?