1. Settlement Patterns

2. Is Canada’s population evenly distributed across the country?

3. How would you describe the distribution?

4. How would you describe the distribution?

5. Why is our population distributed the way it is?

6. Settlement Patterns: (p
Settlement Patterns: (p. 201) the arrangement of where people live in a country and the factors that influence the arrangement

7. Dispersed- found in areas that have a strong agricultural base; spread out on farms Concentrated- found where resources are focused in small areas; towns

8. Linear - (a type of concentrated pattern) found along lines (e. g
Linear - (a type of concentrated pattern) found along lines (e.g. highway, river)

9. Note: Population Density is different
Note: Population Density is different. It is Population Area or the number of people per km²

10. More than 90% of our population is within 600 km of the American border This represents less than 10% of our land area, but most of our major cities and productive farmland (see map p.203)

11. There are 2 main categories in Canada: Rural and Urban

12. RURAL: most rural Canadians are located within one of these (historical) patterns:  Long lots of Quebec  Concession system of Ontario  Section system of the Prairies

13. 3 Factors affect the pattern in any area:

14. 1. What kind of resources are in the area. (i. e
1. What kind of resources are in the area? (i.e.. agriculture or forestry or fishing)

15. 2. What transportation methods were available at the time of settlement? (i.e.. water transport usually preceded roads. Was that the case in the Ottawa region? Canada generally?)

16. 3. What role did government policy play in the settlement. (i. e
3. What role did government policy play in the settlement? (i.e.. planning, size and shape of lots. A set of rules is called a survey system and different systems were used in different parts of Canada.)

17. Rural 1: Long lots of Quebec (refer page 205)

18. Settled before railways and good roads and surveys Most important influence was the agricultural resources and river transport

19. Long thin farms were built along the St
Long thin farms were built along the St. Lawrence River; each farm had access to the river for transportation Known as long lots; when river lots were taken, a second (& 3rd and 4th) were settled were settled on a road parallel to the river (see picture in text p. 205)

21. Rural 2: Concession System of Southern Ontario (refer page 206)

22. Agricultural resources Settled after a survey system was in place Roads and later railways, were available, so access to rivers and lakes was less important

23. A variety of concession systems were used
A variety of concession systems were used. Roads were typically 1 mile (sometimes 2 km) and farms were hectares in size Groupings of concession blocks were called townships and groups of townships were called counties

25. Rural 3: Section System of the Southern Prairies (refer page 207)

26. Surveyed before major settlement occurred using the “Section System”  Simple System. Land was divided into blocks 9.6km2 by 9.6km2 (94 km2 in area)

27.  Each block is divided into 36 sections, each of which is divided into 4 lots called quarter-sections (64 ha in size)  Due to low rainfall levels, farms needed to be made bigger in order to survive. This gave rise to “farm consolidation”

30. URBAN: most Canadians (82%) lived in a rural setting in 1867
URBAN: most Canadians (82%) lived in a rural setting in Today approximately 80% of the population lives in cities and towns.

32. An urban center can grow for a number of different reasons such as:  Manufacturing  A Transportation Hub  A Resource Base  A Service Center

33. Many cities’ existence can depend on one urban function
Many cities’ existence can depend on one urban function. An urban center that grows for a few different reasons is called a “diversified urban center”