Bell Ringer - September 24, 2014 Your parents go out of town and you stay home to care for your siblings. List four activities you’re finally able to do with your parents away. What would you most miss about them being away? Explain Agenda: Bell Ringer / Attendance England’s 13 Colonies

Bell Ringer - September 26, 2014 Colonists settling in the New World lived under Mother England’s rules and had obligations and responsibilities. Still, England was a great distance away, providing settlers tremendous freedoms.

England’s Thirteen Colonies

Bell Ringer - September 29,2014 The year is 1733, and you live in England. You have decided to move to one of England’s 13 colonies. Which colony would you move to and why (5 traits/characteristics)? Agenda: Crash Course – US History England’s 13 Colonies Test corrections will be on Monday to allow adequate time to work on assignment Period 8th Grade Time HR 7:35 – 7:40 5 min 1st 7:45 – 8:17 32 min 2nd 8:22 – 8:54 3rd 8:59 – 9:31 4th 9:36 – 10:17 41 min 5th 10:22 – 11:03 6th 11:08 – 11:50 1st lunch: 11:08 – 11:28 2nd lunch: 11:29 – 11:50 42 min

Motivations Colonists had many reasons for leaving Europe and coming to the New World. Space: lack of space in Europe to farm, especially in England. Stability: frustration with wars and rebellions that went on in Europe that made the region unstable. Wealth: Easy to make money and get rich quickly in America. Gold, iron ore, timber, wood Farmers in the south saw a chance to earn a lot by growing and selling tobacco. Religious Freedom: Religious differences between Catholics & Protestants caused many Protestants to move to the New World.

Regions Three Geographic Regions: Three Ownership Types: New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Three Ownership Types: Proprietary Colony: owner or proprietor owned the land and controlled the land-appointed by King of England A Charter- written document granting land and authority to set up colonial governments. Royal Colony - owned and ruled by the King directly.

New England Colonies

New England Colonies Massachusetts Founded: 1620 Why? By the Pilgrims Landing at Plymouth Rock Massachusetts Founded: 1620 By the Pilgrims William Bradford and John Winthrop Why? Escape harsh treatment from the English (Religious Freedom) Establish a Puritan commonwealth

New England Colonies Rhode Island Founded 1636 Why? Rhode Island Roger Williams Rhode Island Founded 1636 By Roger Williams Why? Opposed the “New England Way” & guaranteed religious freedom and separation of church and state. Escape religious intolerance of Massachusetts Bay.

New England Colonies Connecticut Founded in 1635 Why? By Thomas Hooker Puritans expanded settlement into a new colony. Establish a fur trade route

New England Colonies New Hampshire Founded in 1622 Why? John Wheelwright New Hampshire Founded in 1622 By Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason Why? To profit from trade and fishing Escape religious persecution

Middle Colonies The Breadbasket Colonies

Middle Colonies Pennsylvania Founded in 1681 Why? By William Penn Penn’s Woods William Penn Pennsylvania Founded in 1681 By William Penn Why? Area where Quakers could live according to their beliefs. Establish a Quaker colony

Middle Colonies Founded in 1638 Why? Delaware Fort Christina State Park Founded in 1638 By the Swedes and Finns (Fort Christina) later given to W. Penn Why? Religious Freedom and a better life. Trade

Middle Colonies New York Founded in 1624 Why? New York (New Netherlands) Fort Orange New York Founded in 1624 By the Dutch (Dutch West Indies Company) Why? Make $$$$$$$$$$$$$ Trade

Middle Colonies New Jersey Founded in 1664 Why? Duke of York, George Carteret, & John Berkeley New Jersey Founded in 1664 By the Duke of York, George Carteret, & John Berkeley Why? Land given by the Duke; provided religious freedom, land grants & representative assembly.

Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies Virginia Founded in 1607 Why? Jamestown Virginia Founded in 1607 Virginia Company of London (English) Why? Make $$$$$$$$$ for the Virginia Company Search for gold English outpost against Spain

Southern Colonies North Carolina Founded in 1653 Founded by Virginia colonists Make $$$$$$$$$ Indigo, rice, tobacco

Southern Colonies South Carolina Founded in 1663 Eight Nobles with a Royal Charter from Charles II Make $$$$$$$$$ Indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, cattle

North and South Carolina Became separate colonies in 1729. New Bern is capital of NC Charles Towne is capital of SC The Piedmont of both colonies was settled by Scots-Irish who travelled down the Great Wagon Road from Pennsylvania down into the backcountry. Scots-Irish: hearty, independent minded, Presbyterian, distrustful of the British.

Southern Colonies Georgia Founded in 1732 Why? By James Oglethorpe A refuge for debtors (One that owes something to another) Buffer against Spanish Florida

Southern Colonies Maryland Founded in 1632 Why? By Lord Baltimore A religious haven for Roman Catholics fleeing England.

III: The Economies of the 13 Colonies A: New England Colonies 2. Fishing 1. Shipbuilding B: The Middle Colonies - The Bread Basket 1. Farming- wheat, other staple crops for food C: Southern Colonies 1. Cash crops (grown for sale) a. tobacco b. rice c. indigo

IV: The Beginning of Slavery 1. Plantation system: large scale agriculture. More work than indentured servants could do. 2. Triangular Trade: the pattern of trade that developed among the Americas, Africa, and Europe. 3. The Middle Passage: Voyage from Africa to the Americas.

Triangular Trade beads, copper, cloth, hardware, guns and munitions Slaves traded for sugar, molasses, rum, and tobacco Slaves to work in Caribbean and America

The Middle Passage The leg of the trade between Africa and American colonies. Slaves were transported in below-human conditions. mortality rates were 12% or higher and were considered the “cost of the business”. The Middle Passage