Biology Semester Exam

Using prior knowledge, logical thinking and creativity to make predictions.

Answer Hypothesis

The variable that scientists measure in an experiment.

Answer Responding variable

List the 5 of the 8 characteristics of life.

Answer All living things are: Made of cells Reproduce Based on a universal genetic code (DNA) Grow and develop Obtain and use materials and energy (Metabolize) Respond to their environment Maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) Change over time (as a group)

Give an example of a stimulus that a plant might respond to.

Answer Light, water, gravity

A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

Answer Theory

The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions constant

Answer Homeostasis

Give an example of a quantitative measurement/observation.

Answer The plant is 5 cm Tall The mass of the turtle is 230 g

Name the subatomic particle that is NOT found in the nucleus.

Answer Electron

Name the subatomic particle that is transferred or shared when compounds are formed.

Answer electron

Give an example of the cohesive nature of water

Answer Water droplets forming on a leaf Surface tension

What does it mean that water is a polar molecule?

Answer The electrons are not equally shared by the oxygen and hydrogen.

What is the pH range for an acid?

Answer Acid pH= 0-6.9

Monosaccharides are the building block for what organic compound?

Answer Carbohydrates

Amino acids are the monomer for what macromolecule?

Answer Protein

What type of organic molecule are enzymes? What is the function of enzymes?

Answer Protein The function of enzymes are to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Draw a picture of an enzyme catalyzed reaction and label the enzyme, substrate, active site and product.

Answer

Put the following in order from “smallest” to “largest”: Species Community population ecosystem

Answer 1-Species 2- Population 3- community 4-Ecosystem

Give an example of an autotroph and a heterotroph

Answer Autotroph= Plants (trees, grass, flowers) Heterotroph= Animals (fish, birds, insects, mammals)

Sketch the carbon cycle and include the following in your sketch: Photosynthesis, Respiration Decomposition combustion

Answer

How are abiotic and biotic factors different?

Answer

How is mutualism different from commensalism?

Answer Mutualism: BOTH organisms benefit Commensalism: One organism benefits while the other is not helped or harmed

How is primary succession different from secondary succession?

Answer Primary succession starts with bare rock Secondary succession starts after a natural disaster or human intervention and soil is present

What is the climax community in the following locations: 1- Kent, Ohio 2- Nebraska 3- Northern Alaska

Answer Kent= Temperate Deciduous forest Nebraska= Temperate grassland Northern Alaska= Tundra

25 Oak trees per acre is an example of what characteristic of a population?

Answer Population density (Number of organisms per unit area)

What does the range of a population tell you?

Answer Range is also known as geographic distribution This is the area inhabited by a population

Create a sketch of a graph that represents logisitic growth: Label the following sections 1- exponential growth 2- carrying capacity

Answer

Give 2 examples of each of the following: 1-Density dependent limiting factor 2-Density independent limiting factor

Answer Competition Predation Parasitism Disease Unusual weather Density dependent Density independent Competition Predation Parasitism Disease Unusual weather Seasonal cycles Natural disasters Human activity

How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells?

Answer Larger More complex Have a NUCLEUS Eukaryotic Prokayotic Larger More complex Have a NUCLEUS Have membrane bound organelles Smaller Simpler NO NUCLEUS No membrane bound organelles

Which organelle makes proteins from coded information held in DNA?

Answer Ribosome

Name the organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into usable energy for the cell. What is this process called?

Answer Mitochondria; Cellular respiration

Name the 3 structures only found in plant cells and the 1 structure only found in animal cells.

Answer Plants Animals Cell wall Central vacuole Chloroplast Centriole

Diffusion of water across a semi-permiable membrane.

Answer Osmosis

The movement of a material against the gradient which requires energy.

Answer Active transport

Sketch a cell in a hypotonic solution and draw arrows to show the movement of water.

Answer

How is energy released from ATP?

Answer When a phosphate is broken off energy is released

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

Answer Water and Carbon dioxide

Sketch a chloroplast and label the following: Granum, thylakoid, stroma

Answer

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer Glucose and Oxygen

What are the 2 reactants for cellular respiration?

Answer Glucose and Oxygen

Aerobic respiration requires ________

Answer Oxygen

What physical effect is the result of lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells?

Answer Muscle soreness

What is the end result of mitosis and cytokinesis?

Answer Two identical diploid daughter cells

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell?

Answer Metaphase

Name the fiber like structures that attach to chromosomes and help to pull them apart. What phase of mitosis does this occur in?

Answer Spindle; They pull chromosomes apart during ANAPHASE

Draw a chromosome and label the centromere and sister chromatids.

Answer

What are the end results of meiosis What are the end results of meiosis? (Note: include 3 things in your response)

Answer 4 genetically different haploid cells

Functions of this organic compound include: protecting organs, insulating the body and storing energy for the long term.

Answer Lipids

The function of this organic compound is to store genetic information.

Answer Nucleic acids