1. Element Compound Carbohydrate Lipid Protein
Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compound
Two or more elements that are chemically bonded
Carbohydrate
An energy rich compound made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Lipid
An energy rich organic compound such as fat oil or wax made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Protein
Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

2. A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things
Amino Acid
A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things
Nucleic Acid
Very large organic molecule made of carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus that contains the instructions to carry out life functions
DNA
The genetic material that carries information about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring
RNA
A nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins

3. Selectively Permeable
A property of cell membranes that allows some substance to pass through while others cannot
Diffusion
The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Osmosis
The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
Passive Transport
The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy
Active Transport
The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

4. Autotroph Heterotroph Pigment Chlorophyll Photosynthesis
The process in which some organisms use water along with sunlight and carbon dioxide to make their own food
Autotroph
An organism that makes it own food
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food
Pigment
A colored chemical that absorbs light
Chlorophyll
A green pigment found in the cells of plants, algae and some bacteria

5. The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
Stomata
Small openings in a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
Respiration
The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain
Fermentation
The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen
Cell Cycle
The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
Interphase
The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs

6. Replication Mitosis Chromosome Cytokinesis
The process by which a cell makes o a copy of the DNA in its nucleus
Mitosis
The stage of the cell cycle during which the nucleus divides into two nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed to each daughter cell
Chromosome
A doubled rod of condensed chromatin
Cytokinesis
The final stage of the cell cycle in which the cell’s cytoplasm divides distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells