1. Ch. 4 Vocabulary – Cells in Action
Cell Membrane / Plasma Membrane
Semi-permeable
Phospholipid
Phospholipid Bilayer
4) Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
Passive Transport

2. Ch. 4 Vocabulary – Cells in Action
Endocytosis endo means “into”
Exocytosis exo means “exit”
ATP
Glucose
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
Mitosis
Chromosome

3. CELLS IN ACTION

4. THE CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE All Cells
The cell membrane is also known as the ________________.
plasma membrane
It is composed of two layers
of ____________.
phospholipids
aqueous environment
It is called the _________________ because it is made of these two layers.
phospholipid bilayer
A phospholipid is a
type of ___ composed of:
aqueous environment
phosphate
head
fat 1)
A __________ “water loving” phosphate head
hydrophilic
fatty
acid tails
that faces the aqueous environment. 2)
Two ___________ “water-fearing” fatty acid tails
hydrophobic
which face other fatty acid tails to avoid being near the water.

5. THE CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE All Cells
Besides the phospholipid bilayer, the cell membrane also contains: _______ , ______ and ______
within the bilayer which help it perform specific functions.
proteins
sterols
sugars
The proteins act as _________ to let bigger molecules in and out of the cell.
channels

6. THE CELL MEMBRANE FUNCTION All Cells
The cell membrane has several important functions: 1)
It forms a flexible ______ to protect the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
barrier 2)
It controls the ________ of substances into and out of the cell.
transport
This is possible because the membrane is ______________ meaning only certain substances are allowed to cross it.
semi-permeable
Knock,
Knock! 3)
It plays a role in cell-to-cell _____________.
communication 4)
Who's there?

7. THE CELL MEMBRANE FUNCTION All Cells
The cell membrane has several important functions: 1)
It forms a physical ______ to protect the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
barrier 2)
It controls the ________ of substances into and out of the cell.
transport
This is possible because the membrane is ______________ meaning only certain substances are allowed to cross it.
semi-permeable
Cows
go. 3)
It plays a role in cell-to-cell _____________.
communication 4)
Cows
go who?

8. THE CELL MEMBRANE FUNCTION All Cells
The cell membrane has several important functions: 1)
It forms a physical ______ to protect the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
barrier 2)
It controls the ________ of substances into and out of the cell.
transport
This is possible because the membrane is ______________, meaning only certain substances are able to cross it.
semi-permeable
NO!
Cows go moo! 3)
It plays a role in cell-to-cell _____________.
communication 4)
It is an __________ surface for cell walls, other cells and the intracellular cytoskeleton.
attachment
*groan*

9. Cellular Transport How materials enter the cell.
There are several types: 1)
_________ is the movement of particles from a ______ concentration to a _____ concentration. Crowded  Less Crowded
Particles naturally move DOWN a concentration gradient.
It does _____ require the use of energy / ATP.
Diffusion
High
Low
NOT 2)
_________ is a type of diffusion: the diffusion of
________ across a semi-permeable membrane.
In a cell, this provides ____________.
Osmosis
Water
Homeostasis

10. Cellular Transport How materials enter the cell.
Moving small particles:
Small particles, such as ______________, cross the cell membrane though passageways called _______________.
sugars / glucose
protein channels 3)
________________ is the movement of particles across
a cell membrane without the use of ____________.
Passive Transport
Energy / ATP
Passive
Active Transport 4)
_______________ is a method of transporting particles
across a cell membrane that ________ the use of ENERGY / ATP. Energy is needed because particles are moving __________ the concentration gradient: LOW  HIGH
requires
against
Active
Is diffusion a type of passive or active transport?
Passive Transport

11. Cellular Transport How materials enter the cell.
Moving large particles: 5)
Active
____________ is a type of _______ transport. The cell surrounds a large particle; the membrane wraps around it and ________ the particle into a _______.
Endocytosis
encloses
vesicle
Endocytosis 6)
__________ is also a type of ________ transport
that occurs when large particles, such as ________, leave the cell.
Exocytosis
Active
wastes
Exocytosis
Why are Endocytosis and Exocytosis considered types of active transport?
They require the use of Energy / ATP

13. Photosynthesis How plants make food. ENERGY sunlight Photosynthesis
The SUN is the major source of ____________ for life on Earth.
Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the energy of ___________ captured during _________________.
sunlight
Photosynthesis
plant
During photosynthesis, ________ cells capture energy in sunlight and use it to make food. Plants are ______________.
Autotrophs
Organisms that cannot make their own food are _______________. They obtain their energy by eating plants(or other heterotrophs).
Heterotrophs
What is the exchange of energy from organism to organism called?
Food Chain

14. Photosynthesis Light Energy turns into Chemical Energy. leaves
Photosynthesis mostly occurs in _____________. _____________________ in plant cells use pigment called _______________________ to capture energy from the sun.
Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll
Carbon Dioxide
__________________ CO2 enters leaves through stomata (small openings), and water H2O enters through the __________.
roots
chemical
chloroplasts
A ___________ reaction occurs in the ___________ to produce _________ O2 and _________ C6H12O6
Oxygen
Glucose

15. Cellular Respiration How glucose is turned into energy. energy
Most complex organisms (plants & animals) obtain ___________ through ______________________ - by using oxygen O2 to break down glucose C6H12O2 found in food molecules .
energy
Cellular Respiration
Oxygen
* Be careful, Cellular Respiration does not mean “breathing.” Breathing supplies the ___________ needed for cellular respiration to occur.
oxygen
A ___________ reaction occurs in the _______________ of a cell to release a large amount of energy in the form of _______.
chemical
mitochondria
Glucose
ATP

16. Cellular Respiration How glucose is turned into energy. opposite
Note: The equation for Cellular Respiration is the __________ of Photosynthesis.
glucose
H2O
Animals breathe in O2 and eat __________. Animals release CO2 and ____ while exhaling.
ATP is used for growth, movement, etc. but most energy is used for _______ (maintaining body temperature).
Fermentation
________________: provides energy _________ using oxygen.
For example, alcoholic fermentation is used in baking and
lactic acid fermentation build-up creates ______________ after extreme exercise without getting enough oxygen.
without
heat
sore muscles

18. The Cell Cycle & Mitosis
At this moment, millions of cells in the body are ________ & ________ in a process known as ____________________.
The cell cycle is a regular sequence of cell growth & division, which is split into ____ main stages:
growing
dividing
The Cell Cycle 3
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

19. The Cell Cycle & Mitosis
Metaphase
Stage 1:
___________ part of the cell cycle.
The cell grows, ___________ (makes a copy) of its DNA, and prepares to divide into 2 cells.
Stage 2:
The cell’s ________ divides into 2 new nuclei, with one copy of DNA in each of the new __________ cells.
Mitosis is split into 4 phases:
___________ - The chromatin (DNA) condenses to form _________________. Each chromosome consists of a pair of sister chromatids joined at the centromere.
Interphase
______________ - chromosomes are pulled to the ____________ of the cell by spindle fibers.
______________ - chromatids are pulled ____________ to opposite sides of the cell.
______________ - Two new ________ form. Chromosomes unwind. End of mitosis (division of nucleus).
Stage 3:
Final Stage in which the __________ divides and the organelles are distributed into each of the two new cells.
middle
Longest
replicates
Anaphase
apart
Mitosis
nucleus
Telophase
nuclei
daughter
Cytokinesis
Prophase
cytoplasm
chromosomes

20. How am I supposed to remember all of this?
I Prefer Meatloaf At Tennis Camp
Prophase
Metaphase
(middle)
Anaphase
(apart)
Interphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Yes, write the sentence in your notebook