US History Chapter 7 Section 3 Roosevelt and Latin America
Main Idea The United States began to exert its influence over Latin America in the wake of the Spanish-American War
Reading Focus How did the united States govern Cuba and Puerto Rico? Why and How was the Panama Canal built? What was the Roosevelt Corollary? How did Presidents Taft and Wilson reshape U.S. diplomacy?
Post-War Cuba- Protectorate Post-war- President McKinley establishes temporary military governments in both Cuba and Puerto Rico American concerned other foreign nations might try to undercut Cuba Modifications to the Platt Amendment > limit Cuba from signing treaty with other countries > allowed US to intervene in Cuban affairs > Required Cuba to rent land to US for coaling stations > allowed US to establish Navy Base at Guantanamo Bay Repealed in 1934 (good neighbor policy) but keep GITMO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIrtlP6iu3E
Guantanamo Bay
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico acquired as a territory 1900 Foraker Act- U.S. appoints Puerto Rican Governor and Upper House of Legislators (people would vote for lower house) Puerto Ricans gain US citizenships with full rights to enter country (Today- Puerto Ricans self-govern themselves but U.S. still involved with trade, immigration, and military affairs)
Panama Canal
Panama Canal Extensive travel made many think how to connect two oceans (avoid going around tip of South America) 1879- French Noble Ferdinand de Lessep organized efforts to build a canal but gave up after 8 years (bankrupt) 1902-1903 U.S. negotiates with Columbia to gain permanent use of this strip of land-Columbia would not ratify agreement Panama in process of revolting against Columbia to gain independence- U.S. sends warships to Panama in support (Panama breaks free) Panama allows U.S. full access to strip for construction of canal
Construction of Canal U.S. acquired most of the old French equipment Biggest obstacle- insects and disease Yellow Fever and Malaria two biggest factors but by 1913 it had been eliminated Despite all hazards, deaths, lost equipment, accidents, the Panama Canal opened on August 1914 Celebration was short-lived….Why?
Roosevelt Corollary 1823 Monroe Doctrine had declared America’s off limits to European colonization…now it was backed with military strength! Many European countries still had investments in Latin American countries (raw materials) 1904- Dominican Republic unable to repay European lenders and feared military force…Roosevelt steps in! President Roosevelt issues “Roosevelt Corollary” (Off limits to Europeans) “You come over here… we will use our military against you!!” US now becomes more involved in Latin American countries but these countries a little uneasy about US involvement
Reshaping Diplomacy Latin American interests increased during President Taft’s administration- Taft bought out Latin American countries debts to Europe (Dollar Diplomacy) Taft wanted to use this economic power to achieve American business practices in Latin America (mines, railroads, banana and sugar plantation Resentment among some Latin American people of US intervention- Nicaragua faced an uprising in which US had to send military troops to maintain law and order President Wilson rejected Dollar Diplomacy and favored a moral diplomacy approach
U.S. Imperialism What does the eagle represent? This cartoon was Created in 1904 And shows US Flags in Philippines, Panama, and Puerto Rico. What Do the flags Represent?