The Civil War Chapter 16 Part 2

A Call to Arms April 12, 1861 at 4:30 a.m.—Fort Sumter, SC—The Confederate Army led by G.T. Beauregard fires the first shot of the Civil War. April 15, 1861—President Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to help suppress the rebellion. Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina secede in response. President Davis of the Confederacy calls for more troops; 25,000 Texans respond by December 1861.

Fort Sumter—April 4, 1861

Fort Sumter—April 1865

A Call to Arms Texans joined local regiments—groups of about 1000 soldiers Terry’s Texas Rangers--founded by B.F. Terry--Texas Cavalry Unit Hood’s Texas Brigade—founded by Confederate General John Bell Hood—lead unit in North Virginia Ross’s Texas Brigade—founded by former Texas Ranger Lawrence Sullivan Ross

A Call to Arms Other important Texans of the Civil War included: Albert Sidney Johnston—became the second-highest ranking Confederate General Unionist James W. Throckmorton—served the Confederacy even though he believed it was a lost cause

Texas Readies for War Texas was ill-equipped for war; however, Texans would use their resources to help support the war effort. Before Texas seceded, Ben McCulloch seized over $1 million worth of Union equipment. Iron foundries opened; plants/factories begin producing ammunition; prisons produce cloth; agriculture sustains fighters

Resources and Strategies North Advantages— Larger population could recruit more soldiers More railroads could move troops and supplies rapidly and easily Industrialized economy could produce more weapons, ammunitions, supplies Established Navy could blockade all Southern ports Established government ready to conduct and raise money to fight the war North Disadvantage— Have to conquer a large amount of territory

Resources and Strategies Northern Strategies-- Need to blockade Southern ports Take control of Mississippi River to cut the South in half Capture Richmond—the capital of the Confederacy To accomplish strategy, North opens 3 theaters of operations— East—centered around Washington and Richmond Tennessee and Mississippi River Valley West of the Mississippi

Winfield Scott’s plan to economically crush the Confederacy.

Resources and Strategies Southern Advantages— Experienced military leaders Experience in firearms and riding horses Familiar land—fighting on their home-turf Southern Strategies— Fight a defensive war and wear down the Union Use “Cotton Diplomacy” to get European nations to recognize and support the Confederacy