TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN MALAYSIA A Paradigm Shift From Disaster Proneness That Will Improve the Quality of Life in Malaysia Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA  lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: May 06, 2015 More lectures at Disasters Supercourse - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/collections/collection52.htm PPT original - http://www.pitt.edu/~super7/53011-54001/53361.ppt URL: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec53361/index.htm

MALAYSIA Population: 23,522,482 Area: 329,750 km2 Coastline: 4675 km GDP: $207.8 billion GDP Per Capita: $9,000

MALAYSIA, A PART OF SOUTHEAST ASIA, IS AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS

CONTINUATION OF THE STATUS QUO WHEN MALAYSIA IS AT RISK AND DISASTER PRONE - - - Will result in new and more complex HEALTH PROBLEMS WILL result in unnecessary DEATHS AND INJURIES WILL result in longer and more costly RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

MALAYSIA IS AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS CYCLONES FLOODS (especially during cyclone season) LANDSLIDES (TRIGERED BY TOO MUCH RAIN)

Floods and landslides from cyclones are the primary hazards affecting Malaysia. Effects from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are from distant sources. Droughts also occur.

MALAYSIA IS ALSO AT RISK FROM EFFECTS OF OTHER HAZARDS EARTHQUAKES and VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (from sources outside the country; i.e., Indonesia)

WESTERN MALAYSIA, WHERE KUALA LAMPUR IS LOCATED, IS AT GREATER RISK THAN EASTERN MALAYSIA

Natural Disaster Risk Hotspots:

KUALA LUMPUR IS THE FEDERAL CAPITAL

KUALA LUMPUR

KUALA LUMPUR The city covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2010. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, was an urban agglomeration of 6.9 million in 2010 and one of the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Malaysia.

KUALA LUMPUR AND PUTRAJAVA Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial, and economic center of Malaysia, and also the seat of Malaysia’s Parliament and the official residence of the King. Putrajava is the location of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, which were relocated from Kuala Lumpur in 1999.

WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE CAUSES OF RISK WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS CYCLONES STORM SURGE HEAVY PRECIPITATION IN A SHORT TIME GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES FLASH FLOODING LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)

FLOODS CAUSES OF RISK LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER FLOODS WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) FLOOD DISASTER LABORATORIES EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO LATERAL SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

MALAYSIA: PART OF THE COMPLEX EURASIAN AND INDO-AUSTRALIAN PLATE TECTONICS

MALAYASIA IS ON THE SUNDA SUB-PLATE

THE SUNDA TECTONIC PLATE The Sunda Plate is a minor tectonic plate on which the majority of Southeast Asia is located. The Sunda Plate was formerly considered a part of the Eurasian plate, but GPS measurements have confirmed its independent movement at 10 mm/yr eastward relative to Eurasia.

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES GLOBAL “DISASTER LABORATORIES” FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

DISASTER LABORATORIES CAUSES OF RISK LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS VOLCANIC ASH LAVA FLOWS DISASTER LABORATORIES LAHARS TOXIC GASES

A PARADIGM SHIFT TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN MALAYSIA - - - Will result in fewer and less complex HEALTH PROBLEMS WILL result in fewer DEATHS AND INJURIES WILL result in shorter and less costly RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

A PARADIGM SHIFT TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE A THREE STEP PROCESS

TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN MALAYSIA Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into Books of Knowledge Step 2: From Books of Knowledge to Innovative Educational Surges to Build Professional and Technical Capacity Step 3: From Professional and Technical Capacity to National Disaster Resilience

Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into Books of Knowledge NOTE: A book of Knowledge is everything we know or think we know about Malaysia’s risk-causing hazards

KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, And Change

BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE Are “TOOLS” to facilitate a commitment by Malaysia to minimize the likely impacts of the inevitable future cyclones, floods, landslides earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and droughts, thereby anticipating and preventing disasters

WHAT DO WE KNOW? Disaster resilience has become an urgent global goal in the 21st century as many Nations are experiencing disasters after a natural hazard strikes, and learning that their communities, institutions, and people do NOT yet have the capacity to be disaster resilient.   

Step 2: From Books of Knowledge to Innovative Educational Surges to Build Professional and Technical Capacity in Malaysia to Minimize Likely Impacts in the Next Disaster

NOTE: Step 2 is a task for a Nation’s “Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine,” its educational institutions at all levels, and its electronic and print media that provide public information

WHAT DO WE KNOW? Disaster resilience does not just happen; it is the result of decision-making for a national paradigm shift from the status quo to an improved “coping capacity” that enables the country to recover quickly after a disaster.   

GOAL: MINIMIZE THE “DOMINO EFECTS” OF THE NEXT DISASTER

Step 3: From Professional and Technical Capacity to Science-based Decision-making for a Paradigm Shift from the status quo to Disaster Resilience in Malaysia

NOTE: Step 3 is a task for Malaysia’s “decision-makers,” (i. e NOTE: Step 3 is a task for Malaysia’s “decision-makers,” (i.e., its political leaders, stakeholders, and leading professionals) who have a basis for deciding on the nature and scope of a national paradigm shift

LIVING WITH NATURAL HAZARDS A DISASTER: INSUFFICIENT CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY INCREASED DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY

LIVING WITH NATURAL HAZARDS MINIMIZE IMPACTS OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES: DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY

MALAYSIA’S COMUNITIES NATURAL HAZARDS MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK RISK A PARADIGM SHIFT IN MALAYSIA MALAYSIA’S COMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION/PREVENTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY/RECONSTRUCT. POLICY OPTIONS HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS