Disorder and Dysfunction ~ Revision

10 markers - Characteristics What needs to be included in the 10 marker?

Schizophrenia – time frame, symptoms and exclusions

Schizophrenia Characteristic symptoms: Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these should include 1–3 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour 5. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition) Social/occupational dysfunction Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. This 6-month period must include at least 1 month of symptoms (or less if successfully treated) that meet Criterion A Schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion Substance/general mood condition exclusion Relationship to Global Developmental Delay or Autism Spectrum Disorder exclusion

Major Depressive Disorder– time frame, symptoms and exclusions

Major Depressive Disorder 5 out of the 9 symptoms must be experiences in the same 2 week period. One of these five has to be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in activities. A. 1. Depressed mood most of the day, almost every day, indicated by your own subjective report or by the report of others. This mood might be characterized by sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness. 2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all or almost all activities most of the day nearly every day. 3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain. 4. Inability to sleep or oversleeping nearly every day. 5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day. 6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day. 7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day. 8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day. 9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a   specific plan for committing suicide. B. Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning C. The episode is not due to the effects of a substance or to a medical condition D. The occurrence is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder exclusion

Specific Phobia – time frame, symptoms and exclusions

Specific Phobia The new DSM-5 criteria states that the symptoms for all ages must have a duration of at least 6 months. Marked and out of proportion fear within an environmental or situational context to the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation Exposure to the phobic stimulus provokes an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a situationally bound or situationally predisposed panic attack. The person recognizes that the fear is out of proportion. The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation or distress in the feared situation(s) interferes significantly with the person's normal routine, occupational (or academic) functioning, or social activities or relationships, or there is marked distress about having the phobia. The anxiety, panic attack, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation is not better accounted for by another mental disorder.

Explanations - behavioural Behavioural explanation – what is it? What should be included in a 10 marker if it asks about background rather than the study? What should be included if the focus is mainly on the study? Draw out the diagram – Use the example of Little Albert and the white rat UCS (_____) UCR (_________) UCS (_______)+ CS _____) UCR (________) CS (_______) CR (______)

Explanations – biological Write out 10 key words – what should be included in a 10 marker that focuses on the background 7 points on background 3 points on the study This is a biological explanation however, classical conditioning is mentioned. What is the link?

Explanations - cognitive 10 key words/ phrases ( 7 for background 3 for the study) What are the four cognitive biases we covered? Definitions? What method was used in the Dinardo study? Design of the study?

Treatments - behavioural The aim of Systematic Desensitisation? In pairs Write out the steps involved in systematic desensitisation

Treatments - biological Which drug should we focus on when writing out a 10 marker? How does this work? How does this help treat social phobia? In pairs – draw out a neuron and a synapse. Identify how the MAOI works Study? There were four groups – identify these?

Treatments - Cognitive CBT Identify the cognitive elements of CBT Identify the behavioural elements of CBT Amy is frightened of ants. She believes ants are everywhere and that they will attack her if she sits on grass. She is too frightened to go to parks and refuses to go near grass. In pairs: What steps will a therapist go through to try and treat her? Refer to the cognitive and behavioural elements to CBT

Timed 15 marker! Questions from mock