Renaissance Means REBIRTH Rebirth of art and learning Began in northern Italy

Economic Foundations Increased demand for Middle Eastern products Encouraged the use of credit and banking Letters of credit expanded supply of money and sped up trade. New accounting and bookkeeping practices used Arabic numerals

Italy Italian city-states became rich from trade: Florence Venice Genoa They were trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe. Independent city-states governed as republics by wealthy merchants.

Major Italian Cities Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Genoa Milan One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps. Milan Venice Venice Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world. Genoa Florence Florence Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts. Adriatic Sea Genoa Had Access to Trade Routes Tyrrhenian Sea All of these cities: Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets • Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe • Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

Art and Literature Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation. Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

Artists and Writers Artists Writers Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Petrarch

Leonardo da Vinci Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper Handsome, athletic, singer, artist, scientist, inventor

Michelangelo Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David Sculptor, painter, architect, poet

Sistine Chapel

The Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Pieta David

Humanism Celebrated the individual Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture Humanists were supported by PATRONS who were very wealthy The Vitruvian Man – 1492

Niccolo Machiavelli Wrote The Prince guidelines for how to get power by absolute rule. Believed the ends justified the means One should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary.

Florence Under the Medici Medici Chapel The Medici Palace

Northern Renaissance With the rise of trade, travel and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe. The art and literature changed as people of different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas.

Northern Renaissance Writers Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511) Critical of corrupt church practices Catalyst for Protestant Reformation

Northern Renaissance Writers Sir Thomas More —Utopia (1516) Depicts world with perfect social, legal and political system Leading humanist scholar

Borja Pope – Alexander VI Most Controversial Renaissance Pope Pontificate of nepotism, greed, ruthlessness, murder Mistress – Giovanna dei Cattanei Bought his way into the papacy "Never have mercy for those who won't help themselves"

Children – Giovanni - Duke of Gandia Cesare - murder and mayhem Possibly killed by Cesare Cesare - murder and mayhem Inspiration for The Prince Lucrezia – married sforza Gioffre (Jofre) – Sancia of Aragon (had affair with Giovanni and Cesare)

Pope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio deMedici and Luigi De Rossi by Raphael, 1518-1519 A Medici Pope. He went through the Vatican treasury in a year! His extravagances offended even some cardinals [as well as Martin Luther!]. Started selling indulgences.