Thursday 9/29 Agenda: - Video: Why is carbon such a tramp? Notes on Macromolecules FedUp Article and Questions

Section 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules All compounds are either organic or inorganic. Organic compounds are made of carbon. This is NOT the same organic from the food store or farmers market.

Carbon is UNIQUE. Carbon has four outer electrons It is readily available to form covalent bonds with other elements. Single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds Straight chains, branched chains, rings

Monomers and Polymers There are four kinds of biological molecules Made of small units called monomers Monomers come together to make polymers Polymers with molecular weights over 1,000 are called macromolecules Monomer- Dunkin Munchkin, Polymer- String them into a necklace, Macromolecule- If you all put your necklaces together.

** Review Questions ** Life processes require a constant supply of energy from our food. The compound used to store this energy is called ______. What does it stand for? How does it give off energy? How does it store energy?

Carbohydrates Protein Lipid Nucleic Acids Macromolecules Carbohydrates Protein Lipid Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Elements: H-C-O Function: Energy

Sugars (-ose) Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides sucrose OH H HO CH2OH O Sugars (-ose) Monosaccharides THESE ARE THE MONOMERS Simple Sugars Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Ribose, Galactose Disaccharides Two linked sugars Polysaccharides Many Sugars Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose sucrose sugar

Disaccharides Synthesis 1 sugar = monosaccharide 2 sugars = disaccharide | glucose | glucose | maltose Monosac. are covalently bonded by condensation rxns to form glycosidic links

Disaccharides Synthesis 1 sugar = monosaccharide 2 sugars = disaccharide | glucose | fructose | sucrose (table sugar) How sweet it is!

Examples of Polysaccharides Starch energy storage in plants potatoes Glycogen energy storage in animals in liver & muscles Cellulose structure in plants cell walls Chitin structure in arthropods & fungi exoskeleton poly = many

Different Diets of Herbivores Cow can digest cellulose well; MICROBES; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

Any Questions?

Lipids: Fats & Oils 2003-2004

Lipids Elements: C- H-O Function: Energy Cushions organs Cell membrane Very concentrated Twice the energy as carbohydrates! Cushions organs Cell membrane Insulates your body Think whale blubber! 2003-2004

Lipids Examples fats oils waxes hormones sex hormones testosterone (male) estrogen (female) 2003-2004

Lipids have no true monomer! Categorized by HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES

 Types Saturated Unsaturated Animal fats Solid at room temperature Limit in your diet = heart disease Plants Liquid at room temperature 

Any Questions?

Fed-Up Article DUE BEFORE THE BELL

Friday 9/30 Agenda: - Finish notes on Macromolecules Start Foldable Mini-Project: Due on October 5th

Proteins Elements: C-H-O-N Function: Structural support: Hair, Nails, Claws Enzymes Transport In/Out Cell Hormones (Insulin) Immune Defense Muscle Movement and Repair Monomer: Amino Acids (20 different amino acids)

Protein Structure Primary: Chain of Amino Acids _________________ Secondary: The Chain starts to ravel into pleated sheets Tertiary: Becomes a 3D Shape Quaternary: > 1 3D shape twisted together Example: Hemoglobin which brings oxygen to the blood

*** Review Question *** What does denature mean?

Any questions?

Nucleic Acids Elements: C, H, O, N, P Monomer: Nucleotide Examples: DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RNA RiboNucleic Acid

Nucleic Acids Function: Store genetic information DNA: Blueprint Transfer genetic information RNA: Transfer instructions DNA proteins

This is a nucleotide. phosphate sugar N base nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide

Nucleotide chains – Draw a picture phosphate sugar N base DNA: Double Strand RNA: Single Strand phosphate sugar N base strong bonds phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base

Let’s work on our foldable! HELIXHELIX Let’s work on our foldable!

October 5, 2016 AGENDA: Foldable Due: Pd 1 & 4 Macromolecule Review Sheet Model Building Signed Ch 2 Tests and Study Guides Due TMRW

October 6, 2016 AGENDA: Review Questions Model building due today Homework: Macromolecule Review Pkt – Due Tmrw TEST on Ch 2.3: October 13th

What is the chemical formula for glucose? C H O

What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen? : :

Five elements essential to life:

Which macromolecule is considered the blueprint of life?

Three functions of proteins.

Where are these polysaccharides found? Cellulose – Starch – Glycogen – Chitin -

Molecule Match- Up Match the monomer and elements with the macromolecule. 1. Protein 2. Lipid 3. Nucleic Acid 4. Carbohydrate Nucleotides B. Amino Acids C. Chain of C, H, O D. Fatty Acids E. Chain of C, H, O, N F. Chain of C, H, O, N, P

ATP – ________ energy ADP – ________ energy

What kind of macromolecule? How do you know?

What kind of macromolecule? How do you know?

October 7th AGENDA: Unknowns Lab Period 1 Only TEST on Ch 2.3:

October 11, 2016 AGENDA: Review Macromolecule Pkt and Foldable PollEverwhere BioMolecules Pkt TEST on Ch 2.3: October 13th (Thursday)

October 13, 2016 Agenda: - Review Biochem Pkt - Macromolecule Quiz After the quiz, grab a textbook. Complete Ch 3.1 Notes and Venn Diagram (Due Tmrw)