Brings her home to Venezuela Simone Bolivar Tragic Love Story 17 years old Goes to Europe Falls in love with Maria Teresa Waits to Marry her Brings her home to Venezuela

Simone Bolivar Maria Teresa caught Yellow Fever Died! Bolivar is 20 Sad and restless Goes back to Europe France Italy

Simone Bolivar Above Rome Religious Shrine “I Swear by the God of my Fathers and the honor of my country. I will not rest, not in body or soul, till I have broken the chains of Spain.”

Failed Rebellion 1806-1807 Simone Bolivar Returned home – Creole Farmer Revolution was in the air Francisco de Miranda First to try for Venezuela Independence He had fought in the French Revolution – General Traveled to US – Met Washington, Franklin & Jefferson

Failed Rebellion February 1806 Miranda arrives with 3 ships / 150 men Got two ships from Santo Domingo (Haiti) one ship from Barbados (England) Spanish new he was coming He lost two ships and 60 men Returned to Barbados… British gave him more ships – tried again Failed – No local support (Creoles)

First Venezuelan Republic 1808 – Spain falls to France By 1810 – Conspirators meeting Threw out highest ranking Spaniard Sent Bolivar to Britain for help – no money – brought back Miranda (now 60) July 5, 1811 Declared Independence Royalists & Spanish Troops Began fighting – Early Victories

First Venezuelan Republic No overwhelming support for new government or rebesl Mirand / Bolivar argued Bolivar supported by Creols Miranda’s strength – Indians & Mestizos March 26, 1812 Earth Shakes 20,000 dead – most of the rebel army Archbishop – Message from God Began fighting – Early Victories

First Venezuelan Republic Miranda negotiates w/ Spaniards Bolivar – said he was being disloyal – turned him over to the Spanish Miranda died 4 years later in a Spanish prison Spanish let Bolivar and his officers leave the country Bolivar goes to New Grenada Joins Rebels – Becomes a general Convinces – lead an army back into Venzuela

War to the Death Bolivar “Those executioners who call themselves our enemies have broken international law…But the victims will be avenged and these executioners exterminated. Our hatred knows no bounds, a and the war shall be to the death!” Venezuelans – no longer remain undecided. “Am I for independence or am I for Spain?” Marched through Venezuela to Caracas The war was not over! Convinces – lead an army back into Venzuela

War to the Death Llanos – llaneros Organized royalist army Cowboys – Horseback – long lances with knives strapped to the end

Defeated Bolivar – chased him back to New Grenada War to the Death Jose Tomas Boves Leader of the llaneros The most bloodthirsty / ruthless leader in all the wars for Independence. No mercy… no prisoners Execution Defeated Bolivar – chased him back to New Grenada

Retreat to Haiti 11000 Spanish soldiers arrive in New Grenada to put down the rebellion Bolivar escapes to Haiti Petion – Haitian President Supports Bolivar – wants 2 things Recognize Haiti’s Government Bolivar must free all slaves Leaves with 200 soldiers – 7 ships

Return to Venezuela Llaneros – now unhappy Bolivar sails up the Orinoco – gets llaneros to join his army (1817) Also gets 4000 British volunteers Heads to Bogota! In the Andes - Bolivar crosses the Andes with his army to sneak attack – difficult! Hooves of the horses rotted “seven days we marched in water up to our waists.” Floods, quicksand, disease!

Bogota! Crossing the Andes – Horses died – Lost hundreds of men – had to leave the artillery Bolivar Surprises the Spanish army – Battle of Boyaca Takes Bogota and main Spanish Army Sets up a government… leaves a General in charge Returned to Venezuela

Venezuela Teams up with new llanero chieftain Jose Antonio Paez Battle of Carabado June 28, 1821 Bolivar marches into Caracas Venezuela’s Independence was won!

Bolivar’s Dream Admired the United States Wanted the United States of South America United New Grenada and Venezuela – Gran Colombia Constitution 1821 Bolivar – First President Time to head south to Quito & Lima

Bolivar’s Dream Jose Antonio Sucre – May 24, 1822 Defeats the Spanish forces and liberates Ecuador Jose de San Martin – fighting since 1813 – Liberate Southern South America – by 1821 in Lima fighting the Spanish Bolivar Meets San Martin – the two don’t agree Bolivar goes to Lima in 1823 – Peruvians do not trust him – He stays in Lima to keep control Sends Sucre after the Spanish Army

Bolivar’s Dream December 9, 1824 – Peru is freed from Spanish Rule Only upper Peru remained Bolivar liberates them… they want to be independent – name their new country Bolivia after Bolivar - He writes a constitution for them.

End of Bolivars Dream Brought Liberty to most of South America Lima – Peruvians were setting up an independent nation Gran Colombia – conflicts Rebellion in Venezuela Unhappiness in Colombia Bolivar is sick – Tuberculosis – fatal Became dictatorial as a ruler 1830 Gran Colombia broke up into three: Veenzuela, Colombia & Ecuador

End of Bolivars Dream Near death and discourage – resigns as President Planned to leave for Europe Arrives in costal city Santa Marta Finds out his friend General Sucre was killed heartbroken Cancels his trip Dies in December 1830 Last words –”Let us go!... Let us go! – the people do not want us in this land!”