2. Independence Movements in Latin America

3. Latin American Geography Latin America is made up of countries from North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean Islands. Latin America is made up of countries from North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean Islands. All languages spoken here can be traced to Latin. All languages spoken here can be traced to Latin.

4. Spirit of Liberation “I swear before God and by my honor never to allow my hands to be idle nor my soul to rest until I have broken the chains that bind us to Spain” “I swear before God and by my honor never to allow my hands to be idle nor my soul to rest until I have broken the chains that bind us to Spain” Simon Bolivar

5. Long Term Causes European domination European domination Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau & Montesquieu Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau & Montesquieu American and French Revolutions American and French Revolutions Growth of “ nationalism” Growth of “ nationalism”

6. Immediate Causes Revolutionary leaders emerge Revolutionary leaders emerge Napoleon invades Spain and puts brother in charge Napoleon invades Spain and puts brother in charge colonies saw an opportunity to revolt colonies saw an opportunity to revolt

8. Haiti’s Struggle Haiti’s sugar plantations made it a valuable colony of France

9. Toussaint L’Ouverture Born into slavery Born into slavery Learned to read Learned to read Inspired by stories of revolt in ancient Rome and Julius Caesar Inspired by stories of revolt in ancient Rome and Julius Caesar

10. Uprising of 1791 Toussaint with support of slaves vs France, Spain, Britain and Mulattoes Toussaint with support of slaves vs France, Spain, Britain and Mulattoes More lives lost than in any other Revolution in the Americas More lives lost than in any other Revolution in the Americas

11. Rebuilding Haiti By 1798 enslaved Haitians free By 1798 enslaved Haitians free Napoleon enters picture in 1802 when 100 French soldiers were dying a day Napoleon enters picture in 1802 when 100 French soldiers were dying a day Peace was made, for a while… Peace was made, for a while… UNTIL… UNTIL…

12. Death of Toussaint Toussaint was betrayed and seized by Napoleon’s men Toussaint was betrayed and seized by Napoleon’s men Ten months later in a French prison Toussaint died Ten months later in a French prison Toussaint died

14. Mexicans rally behind Hidalgo Hidalgo is supported by poor Mexicans Hidalgo is supported by poor Mexicans Called for an end to slavery Called for an end to slavery He was executed by Spanish He was executed by Spanish

15. Father Jose Morelos Father Morelos, a mestizo, supported Hidalgo and led after Hidalgo was executed Father Morelos, a mestizo, supported Hidalgo and led after Hidalgo was executed Continued the message of Hidalgo Continued the message of Hidalgo He was also captured and shot by the Spanish He was also captured and shot by the Spanish

16. Independence for Spain & Mexico 1820 liberals forced King of Spain to issue a constitution 1820 liberals forced King of Spain to issue a constitution Mexico did not yet win its Independence, but Mexicans won a few more freedoms Mexico did not yet win its Independence, but Mexicans won a few more freedoms

18. Simon Bolivar Acts Simon Bolivar was an educated Creole. Led an uprising that established a republic in Venezuela Civil war raged & Bolivar forced into exile

19. “The Liberator” Moves into Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia Moves into Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia Later joined forced with another revolutionary… Later joined forced with another revolutionary…

20. Jose de San Martin San Martin, a Creole like Bolivar, was born in Argentina San Martin, a Creole like Bolivar, was born in Argentina Won freedom for Argentina Won freedom for Argentina Together, both men defeated Spain Together, both men defeated Spain

21. Long-Term Effects 18 separate republics. Struggle for economic independence. Prosperity & democracy to the people of Latin America.