The Cold War 1945 - 1960
What was the Cold War? A rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union – two superpowers with very different political and economic systems. Led to a massive buildup of military weapons on both sides.
Poland has a Soviet friendly government After WWII Poland has a Soviet friendly government Germany is divided into four zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union and the United States. Declaration of Liberated Europe – the right of people to choose their own form of government
Essentially Communist Eastern Europe Essentially Communist Iron Curtain – phrase used to describe the separation between eastern and western Europe Satellite nations
Terms Containment – keeping communism where it is and preventing it from spreading. Truman Doctrine – a policy in which the U.S. pledges to fight communism worldwide.
The Soviet Union & satellite nations refused assistance. The Marshall Plan European Recovery Plan to assist European nations with rebuilding their economies. The Soviet Union & satellite nations refused assistance.
The Berlin Crisis West Germany is created Soviet Union closes roads U.S. (Truman) responds with the Berlin Airlift – 11 months Blockade lifted http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/berlinblockaderev1.shtml
Formation of Alliances NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization A defense system to come to each others aid Warsaw Pact Soviet response to NATO Same goal with satellite states
Civil War & Revolution in China Communist forces led by Mao Zedong Against Nationalist forces led by Jiang Jieshi Victorious communists establish the People’s Republic of China in October, 1949
Korean War During WWII U.S. & Soviet forces split Korea into two at the 38th parallel to disarm Japanese troops. Soviets controlled North, Americans South Talks to reunify Korea ended
Korea 1950 North Korea invades South Korea The United Nations intervenes Truman sends American troops under General Douglas MacArthur MacArthur attacks behind enemy lines at Inchon and regains the 38th parallel
UN suggests a resolution to unify Korea MacArthur crosses 38th and goes to Chinese border Make progress until China enters the war (Remember, China became communist with it’s leader Mao Zedong after WWII)
MacArthur asks to expand the war to include fighting against China Truman vs. MacArthur MacArthur asks to expand the war to include fighting against China Truman refuses and fires MacArthur Limited war – War fought with a specific or limited objective
End of War Mid 1951, UN forces push the Chinese and North Koreans back over the 38th parallel Armistice signed in July 1953 More than 33,000 American soldiers dead
Arms Race Build up of military weapons Causes? Effects?
Eisenhower takes office in 1952 Massive retaliation – Belief of using nuclear weapons to stop communism Brinkmanship – The willingness to go to war to force the other side to back down Space race – created NASA in 1958
Fear of bombs Fallout- radiation left over after a blast Fallout shelters – backyard storm cellars to protect from fallout of a bomb
Changes Internationally Nikita Khrushchev becomes Soviet Leader Suez Crisis Eisenhower Doctrine CIA
Loyalty Review Program – to screen public employees Red Scare in the U.S. Fear of spread of communism through subversion – secret effort to overthrow the government Loyalty Review Program – to screen public employees
HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee Hollywood Ten Blacklist
The Rosenbergs McCarthy Hearings Attacks Used fear to accuse people of communism Lost power by going too far
Highway system – Federal Highway Act Extended Social Security Eisenhower Highway system – Federal Highway Act Extended Social Security Increased minimum wage Government aid to farmers
1. Satellite nations 2. Fallout 3. Iron Curtain 4. CIA 5. Mao Zedong 6. Harry Truman 7. Dwight Eisenhower 8. Douglas MacArthur 9. Red Scare 10. NATO 11. NASA 12. Summit 13.Brinkmanship 14. Limited war 15. DMZ 16. Massive Retaliation 17.Containment 18. Truman Doctrine 19. Marshall Plan 20. Warsaw Pact 21. Berlin Crisis 22. Rosenbergs 23. Nikita Khrushchev 24. Joseph McCarthy