GENETIC TECHNOLOGY Genetically engineered bollworm

1. New genes can be added to an organism’s DNA. 2. Genetic engineering involves changing an organism’s DNA to give it new traits. 3. Genetic engineering is based on the use of recombinant DNA. 4. Recombinant DNA contains genes from more than one organism. (bacterial DNA)

5. Restriction enzymes recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and cleave (cut) the DNA within the sequence.

For example, EcoRI specifically cuts DNA containing the sequence GAATTC. The ends of the DNA fragments, called sticky ends, contain single-stranded DNA that is complementary.

The newly generated DNA molecule with DNA from different sources is called recombinant DNA.

To make a large quantity of recombinant plasmid DNA, bacterial cells are mixed with recombinant plasmid DNA. Some of the bacterial cells take up the recombinant plasmid DNA through a process called transformation. The bacteria reproduce very quickly and use protein synthesis to make the protein following the code in the newly inserted DNA

The Human Genome Project The goal of the Human Genome Project (HGP) was to determine the sequence of the approximately three billion nucleotides that make up human DNA and to identify all of the approximately 20,000–25,000 human genes. Once the human genome was mapped, doctors and scientists could use this information to try to understand heritable diseases and disorders with the hopes of eventually being able to correct them.

Now there are companies that will map your own DNA! Just send in a spit and a bunch of money!

DNA 11 is a company that will map your DNA using a process called gel electrophoresis and then turn it in to wall art!