Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Chapter 9

The Need for Energy (9.1) All organisms need ENERGY Plants (autotrophs) obtain energy from the sun Other organisms (heterotrophs) eat plants to get the plant’s stored energy

ATP Adenosine Triphosphate = 1 adenosine molecule, 1 ribose molecule, + 3 phosphate groups Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates When the bond breaks, energy is released Phosphate can be reattached to ‘recharge’ the ATP molecule

Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Photosynthesis (9.2) Photosynthesis = plants use sunlight energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make simple sugars (glucose) Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Oxygen also gets produced which we take advantage of!!! Inputs/Reactants Outputs/Products

Chloroplasts & Pigments Chloroplasts: where photosynthesis takes place (contains chlorophyll) This means only plants goes through photosynthesis

Pigments = compounds that absorb light Visible Light made up of a range of colors ROY G BIV Colors that don’t get absorbed, are reflected, and are what you see

Chlorophyll give plants their green color, helps the plant absorb energy from sunlight!!! Carotenoids pigments in plants that become visible when plants stop producing chlorophyll

You need to know how to fill in this diagram!!! Be able to compare and contrast the “Light Reactions” and the “Calvin Cycle/Light Independent Reactions.”

Cellular Respiration (9.3) Cellular Respiration = mitochondria break down food molecules (glucose) and use oxygen to produce ATP C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP CO2 also get produced as a waste product Plants use the CO2 to make glucose Glycolysis = breaking down glucose to use its pieces to make energy, occurs in the cytoplasm Inputs/Reactants Outputs/Products

Respiration begins in the cytoplasm and ends inside the mitochondria where the ATP is produced

Respiration occurs in both plant cells and animal cells

Aerobic = requires oxygen Aerobic respiration produces the most ATP (36 total ATP per molecule of glucose) Anaerobic = no oxygen required Fermentation = anaerobic respiration, not as efficient Lactic Acid Fermentation produces 2 ATP & Lactic Acid Alcoholic Fermentation produces 2 ATP & CO2