The Civil Rights Movement 1950’s Bell Work: use your knowledge of Social Studies to answer the question below- (use facts/dates/people/places/laws etc.) What events/actions in American History limited the rights of African Americans?

What helped spark the Civil Rights movement? 2. Approximately 700,000 African Americans had served in the armed forces What helped spark the Civil Rights movement? 3. FDR had outlawed racial discrimination in all federal agencies and war production agencies 1. During WWII many African Americans were needed in the workforce Following WWII- African Americans were determined to fight for their freedom!

Segregation in the Courts Brown v. Board of Education 1954 of Topeka Kansas African American Lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued that separate was NOT equal (i.e. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 separate but equal) Supreme Court Ruling: Separate schools for whites and blacks were unequal therefore unconstitutional

Reaction to Brown v. Board 1957- The governor of Little Rock Arkansas refused to let 9 African American students attend Little Rock’s Central High School President Eisenhower had to send Federal troops to escort the “Little Rock 9” http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=little+rock+nine&adlt=strict&view=detail&mid=505C12E81F5ACE04E465505C12E81F5ACE04E465&rvsmid=7902D957BEC456E333B57902D957BEC456E333B5&fsscr=0&FORM=VDFSRV

Montgomery Bus Boycott In Montgomery Alabama, local law required blacks to give their bus seats to whites 1955- Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white man and was arrested Dr. MLK Jr. led the Montgomery bus boycott- African Americans refused to use the city bus system-boycott lasted 381 days. Late 1956- Supreme Court ruled that segregated buses were illegal Montgomery bus boycott http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ1OO5iBWCQ

Martin Luther King Jr. From Mohandas Gandhi, King learned that oppression could be resisted WITHOUT violence King and other ministers formed the SCLC-Southern Christian Leadership Conference By 1960- The SNCC was formed by college students. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. SNCC strategy used sit ins. Blacks sat at whites only lunch counters ~ blacks sat there as whites hit them and poured food over their heads. By late 1960-SNCC desegregated lunch counters in 48 cities in 11 states http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=sit+in+video&view=detail&mid=273C3D1467284FA7AC22273C3D1467284FA7AC22&FORM=VIRE&adlt=strict

Freedom Riders Whites and Blacks who tried to end segregation on national buses 1961- A bus was burned in Anniston Alabama; students that rode into Birmingham Alabama were beaten; freedom riders attacked in Montgomery Alabama President Kennedy sent 400 U.S. Marshalls to protect the freedom riders

Civil Rights Act-1964 President Kennedy’s Civil Rights Act- Law that outlawed racial discrimination In order to convince Congress to pass the bill, On August 28, 1963 250,000 blacks and whites marched to the national capital in Washington D.C. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. spoke to the crowd in his famous “I have a dream” speech. Several months later, Kennedy was assassinated. Lyndon B. Johnson became president and won the passage of Kennedy’s Civil Rights Act of 1964

Voting Rights Act 1965 Freedom Summer- The voting project in the south- efforts focused on Mississippi The SNCC organized the (MFDP) Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Civil Rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer gave an emotional speech at the MFDP convention In 1965 MLK organized a march in Alabama…President Johnson responded by asking Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965

De Facto segregation Biggest problem in the North was de facto segregation- segregation by practice and custom- can only be changed by peoples attitude de facto segregation increased as African Americans moved to northern cities after WWII- Whites began to move to the suburbs. Cities began to decay, schools were poor and unemployment rose

1960’s-New Leaders Stokely Carmichael- introduced the notion of black power which encouraged black pride and leadership Malcolm X preached the views of Elijah Muhammad (leader of the Nation of Islam) Malcolm X argued that whites were responsible for blacks’ misery. He urged African Americans to use peaceful means-especially voting-to win equality. Malcolm X was assassinated in February 1965 Black Panthers were formed in 1966- a political party created to fight police brutality Urged violent resistance against whites

1968 Turning Point in Civil Rights April 1968- Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis Tennessee-African American riots erupted in cities across the nation June 1968- Senator Robert Kennedy (strong civil rights supporter) was shot and killed

Legacy of Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights Act of 1968- banned discrimination in housing The Civil Rights Movement led to the banning of segregation in education, transportation, and employment-also helped African Americans gain full voting rights Late 1960’s federal officials began to promote affirmative action (special efforts to hire and enroll minorities)

Activity Scholar Choice Choice 1 Draw a picture of an event during the Civil Rights Movement Title the picture Color 2 sentence description of the picture Choice 2 Create a Timeline of events using your notes Title the timeline Include all dates from notes with information