1. The Civil Rights Movement

2. Plessy v. Ferguson  1896 Supreme Court case establishes the “separate but equal” doctrine.

3. Jump' in Jim Crow Laws enacted by southern state and local governments to separate white and black people in public and private facilities.

4. Brown v. Bd. of Educ. (1954) “we conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate but equal facilities are inherently unequal.” Chief Justice Earl Warren

5. Integration School integration creates an explosive situation throughout the south. In 1957, President Eisenhower is forced to deploy military to Little Rock, Arkansas to help integrate Central High School.

6. Boycotts 1955 - Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on the bus and is arrested. Dr. MLK Jr. starts the non-violent bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. Segregation on public transportation comes to an end after the 381-day boycott.

7. Grassroots Movement Organizations form to “carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class citizenship.” Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Congress On Congressional Equality (CORE)

8. Grassroots Movement Experiences Violence Summer of 1961 CORE and SNCC organize the nonviolent Freedom Rides through the South to test the segregation ban on interstate buses and terminals. Freedom riders are attacked and arrested.

9. Integrating Universities 1962 Ole Miss is integrated 1963 University of Alabama is integrated Both universities react in violence and JFK sends federal marshals to support integration efforts.

10. Marching to Freedom August 28, 1963 – 250,000 people march on Washington D.C. to demand passage of the Civil Rights bill. MLK Jr. delivers famous “I Have a Dream” speech.

11. Civil Rights Act July 2, 1964 President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act into law. 1.Banned discrimination in employment and public accommodations. 2.Gave federal government power to protect voting rights and speed up school integration. 3.Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to ensure fair treatment in employment.