Chapter 8 Joints.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 8 Joints

Joints (a.k.a. articulations) = the junctions between bones Functions - hold bones together - allow for mobility

How Joints are Classified I. Functional Classification 1. Synarthrotic – immovable 2. Amphiarthrotic – slightly moveable 3. Diarthrotic – freely moveable

*II. Structural Classification Overview 1. Fibrous Joints—held together by fibrous connective tissue 2. Cartilaginous Joints—held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage 3. Synovial Joints—allow for free movement

1. Fibrous Joints bones are very close to each other synarthrotic e.g. suture syndesmosis allows more movement e.g. distal end of tibia & fibula

2. Cartilaginous Joints bones connected by cartilage amphiarthrotic (limited movement) e.g. pubic symphysis intervertebral joints

a herniated disk protrudes into the spinal cord during flexion of the lumbar region

3. Synovial Joints includes most of the joints in the body diathrotic (greatest degree of movement )

Parts of a synovial joint: 1) articular cartilage made of hyaline cartilage, covers the ends of bones 2) joint (articular) capsule encloses the joint; made of dense fibrous connective tissue 3) synovial cavity a synovial membrane surrounds the synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid

4) meniscus– a fibrocartilage disc; cushions and helps bones fit together in the joint; helps to stabilize the joint

5) bursa – flattened fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid

6. ligaments-tough band of connective tissue that reinforces the joint; connects bone to bone Double-jointedness results from extra stretchy ligaments and joint capsules.

Synovial Joint Articular cartilage Articular (joint capsule) Synovial cavity & fluid Menisci Bursae

The Knee Largest and most complex diarthrosis in the body. Primarily a hinge joint, but when the knee is flexed, it is also capable of slight rotation and lateral gliding.

The lateral and medial condyles of the femur articulate with the lateral and medial condyles of the tibia.

The fibular collateral ligament and tibial collateral ligament prevent excessive rotation

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Prevents forward sliding of the tibia and hyperextension of the knee. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Prevents backward displacement of the tibia or forward sliding of the femur.