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Joint Mechanics. Joint Classification Joints classified according to movement capabilities or structure: 1.Synarthrosis  Fibrous Joint  Immovable 

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Presentation on theme: "Joint Mechanics. Joint Classification Joints classified according to movement capabilities or structure: 1.Synarthrosis  Fibrous Joint  Immovable "— Presentation transcript:

1 Joint Mechanics

2 Joint Classification Joints classified according to movement capabilities or structure: 1.Synarthrosis  Fibrous Joint  Immovable  tightly bound together by connective tissue 2.Amphiathrosis  Cartilaginous Joint  Slightly moveable  body of one bone connects to the body of another by cartilage 3.Diarthrosis  Synovial Joint  Allows greatest movement  bony surfaces are separated by lubricating fluid & cartilage

3 Fibrous JointCartilaginous Joint Synovial Joint

4 Synovial Joint Characteristics Articulating cartilage – Protects ends of bones & allows for smooth contact when they move (also known as hyaline cartilage) Joint capsule – Fibrous structure that consists of synovial membrane (nutrients) & fibrous capsule (keeps fluid from leaking) Joint cavity – Between 2 bony articulating surfaces, filled with synovial fluid (lubricant for joint) – help reduce friction

5 Synovial Joint Characteristics Bursae (Bursa – singular) – Small, flattened fluid sacs found at friction points between tendons, ligaments & bones Intrinsic ligaments – Thick bands of fibrous connective tissue that help thicken & reinforce joint capsule Extrinsic ligaments – Separate from joint capsule & help reinforce joint by attaching bones together

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7 Types of Synovial Joints 1.Pivot Joint 2.Ball & Socket Joint 3.Hinge Joint 4.Ellipsoid Joint 5.Saddle Joint 6.Gliding Joint

8 Quick Review of Terminology:

9 Pivot Joint One bone rotates around another stationary point Movement is limited to rotation in one plane Eg. Radius around ulna (pronation/supination) & 1 st vertebrae around 2 nd vertebrae (turning neck)

10 Ball & Socket Joint Ball shaped head fits into concave socket Provides widest range of motion with rotation & movement occurring in all 3 planes Eg. Hip joint & shoulder joint

11 Hinge Joint Convex surface fits into concave surface Motion is limited to flexion & extension in a single plane Eg. Elbow joint, knee joint & distal phalanges

12 Ellipsoid Joint Oval, convex surface fits into an oval, concave depression Allows movement in 2 directions at right angles to each other & doesn’t allow for rotation Eg. Wrist

13 Gliding Joint Flat & slides over one another Eg. Intervertebral joint, carpals & tarsals

14 Saddle Joint Concave surface in one direction & convex surface in the other direction Allows movement in 2 planes (flexion-extension & adduction-abduction), no rotation Eg. Thumb at the carpometacarpal joint

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