Law Enforcement Agencies Federal, State, County, Municipal, and Native American Tribal Police

Fragmented Structure Four Main Functions Over 1 million employed Enforcing Laws Maintaining Order Preventing Crime Providing Services Over 1 million employed 70% of spending at the local level

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Part of Executive Branch of Gov’t US Dept. of Justice Crimes defined by Congress i.e. drug trafficking, organized crime, insider stock trading, terrorism, espionage, gov corruption Help local/state agencies Crime Lab, Training, Cyber Crime List of Priorities: Terrorist attacks Foreign intelligence and espionage Cyber based attacks Public corruption Civil Rights Organized crimes Major white collar crime Significant violent crime Support state/local agencies Upgrade technology

FBI History Established 1908 J. Edgar Hoover Bureau of Investigation Directed from 1924 to 1972 Improved by removing politics from agency Developed UCR Critics FBI spying on anti-war and civil rights activists Fingerprint filing (Identification Division) Hoover starts this immediately Hoover starts: 650 employees in 9 field offices in 9 states Professionalizes the organization—fired those unqualified 1932: FBI’s Most Wanted List Each Era provided new test for FBI -Prohibition (1936: all MAIN gangsters arrested, WWII (loyalty programs), Post-war (Red Scare, and Civil Rights Acts), Globalization and Technology 12,300 agents work in 56 field offices w/ 400 satellite offices

Other Fed Law Enforcement Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Importation & sale of controlled drugs Internal Revenue Services (IRS) Violations of tax laws Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) Duh!! Other Secret Service, National Parks Services, Dept. of Education, Health and Human Services DEA: Created by Nixon in War Against Drugs in 1973…now has 5,000 agents and 2.2 billion budget NE is St. Louis Division 21 Divisions ATF: Established in 1972

State Agencies All states have an agency at state level Jurisdiction Except Hawaii Jurisdiction Patrol state highways Operate only in areas where other police do not exist State crime lab

Nebraska State Patrol Authorized to do police work in all 93 counties Headquarters in Lincoln Issues: Drug Trafficking Sex Offenders Missing Persons Crime Lab Others Established in 1937 w increase of highways systems and cars Investigation Division in 1941 6 Divisions: Lincoln is in Division H AMBER Alerts Motorist Assistance travel in vans and help motorists having troubles Crime Lab has 24 employees: Chemical tests, trace examiners, firearms specialists, DNA, Fingerprints

County Agencies Headed by Sheriff Jurisdiction Other tasks: 3,100 counties most all have sheriffs Elected in 40 states Jurisdiction Rural areas, small towns Other tasks: Operate jails, serve court orders, maintain court rooms

Lancaster County Sheriff Sheriff Terry Wagner Elected in 1994, re- elected 4 times Leader of 75 officers and 25 civilian employees Heads $8 Million budget Protection Orders, UCR in County, Warrants, Accident Reconstrucition, Lancaster Lookout

Municipal Agencies General law enforcement authority Operate independently of other cities Sizes vary 36,000 to 1 employed Five Largest 1. NYC 2. Chicago 3. LA 4. Philadelphia 5. Houston Five largest: 16% of all local police in USA Smallest: 560 different towns in US

Lincoln Police Department Led by Police Chief Jim Peschong Made up of 5 teams Northeast Southeast Southwest Northwest Center Teams led by Captains

LPD Team Map

LPD Units Records Unit Victims/Witness Unit Public Access to records Fingerprints, Crime History Reports Victims/Witness Unit Victim Assistance Free services for those who suffer harm to do crime Crisis Intervention Compensation forms Court Advocacy Protection Programs

LPD Units Cont’d Traffic Unit Narcotics Unit S.T.O.P Unit Traffic Violation Class Traffic Enforcement 7 Officers Issued 60% of citations Motorcycle Unit re- established in 2005 Narcotics Unit Interagency Group LPD, Lancaster Sheriff, UNL Police 2010 Statistics 611 Cases, 391 felony, 281 misdemeanors, seized over $12 million in property

LPD Units Cont’d K9 Unit S.W.A.T. Team Developed in 1960s 5 Canine Officers Suspect Tracking, building searches, drug detection, open-area search Work & live w/ each other S.W.A.T. Team Developed 1967 Shooting of LPD Detective by escapees Handle emergencies Today 16 member team (24 hr. on call) Leader, sharpshooters, negotiators, shield/entry persons Train twice a month Firearms, hostage, building entry, etc

LPD Minimum Requirements United States Citizen. High School Diploma or GED Equivalency. Minimum age of 21. No Felony Convictions. Valid Drivers License. No Domestic Violence Convictions.

To be an LPD Officer Candidates must display adequate binocular vision, depth perception and color vision. They will also be required to have and maintain good health and physical condition

To be an LPD Officer Cont’d The test consists of five events; 120 yard shuttle run, vertical jump, maximum push-ups, one minute sit-ups, and 1.5 mile run/walk. Applicants must accumulate a minimum passing score of 30 points.

To be an LPD Officer Cont’d Candidates are scheduled to complete two written examinations. The first examination will test reading and writing skills. It contains sections on reading comprehension, spelling, verb usage, pronoun usage, recognizing sentences, subject- verb agreement, adjectives and adverb usage. The second examination is an item forced-choices, test.

To be an LPD Officer Cont’d Candidates in the top three stanines who successfully complete the physical ability test will be scheduled for three assessment interviews. Additional testing may consist of an adult education test, drug screening, medical examination, psychological evaluation, and polygraph examination. Questions for the polygraph will be based on your personal history statement and supplemental questionnaire.

Tribal Police Tribes are separate, sovereign nations Power to enforce criminal law on land Policed by: Bureau of India Affairs (BIA) police Own Tribal Police 171 Tribal Enforcement Agencies in US