Nations, Nation-States, and Internationalism Chapter 9: Does involvement in international affairs benefit nations and nation-states?

Key Terms: Needs Wants Isolationism Unilateralism Multilateralism Supranationalism Internationalism

Common motives Psychologists believe that people’s behaviour is motivated by Needs: Things that people need to survive Basic elements – food, shelter, water, health Wants: Things that people desire. Wants are not necessary to survive The things that people desire Cars, television, etc.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Needs and Motives of Successful Nation-States The behavior of nations and nation- states is motivated by the collective needs and wants of the country’s people. The actions of responsible government serve the national interest.

Some Understandings of Internationalism Everyone in the global community is collectively responsible for meeting the challenges that face the world—and working cooperatively to solve problems is most important (value of the collective/true internationalism) My nation must be economically stable, secure, secure, etc. before I am able to help others (national interest comes first, but open to helping others) Some Understandings of Internationalism My nation is most important and other nations must help themselves (isolationist) An internationalist approach could help my own national interest (helping others will help my nation—trade, resources, security, etc.)

Motives of Successful Nations and Nation-States Economic stability Peace and security Self-determination Humanitarian activities

1. Economic Stability Countries seek to be economically stable: Ensure citizens have jobs Encourage the learning of trades and other education Nations’ economic stability depend on High employment rates => when people have money they have money to spend (DEMAND) on goods and services. Demand means that employers are more likely to hire to provide SUPPLY.

Economic Stability Nations and nation-states serve their national interests by seeking ways to achieve economic stability. For example- A national government might decide to provide more money for training apprentices in skilled trades. By creating a more skilled workforce, the government will attract more industries to the country, which will generate more job opportunities. National government might also develop trade policies that support exports. Strong exports help keep employment levels high.

2. Peace and Security People who feel safe and secure are more likely to work, go to school, etc.  which means economic prosperity. People who do not feel safe will more likely oppose government and authorities. (ex. Oklahoma City bombing) Constitutions guarantee the rights and security of citizens. Countries without a constitution cannot guarantee any rights or security of its people. Wars damage people and infrastructure – creating devastating setbacks to the peace and security of nations. Canada promotes international security by belonging to NATO, NORAD, and the United Nations.

3. Self-Determination Nations and nation-states are strongly motivated to control their own affairs. They may do this by seeking sovereignty Sovereignty – political authority to control one’s affairs In the 1800s many Canadians wanted to determine their own future & become independent of Britain Other nations decide their interests can be served best if they are part of a larger nation-state Canadian example: Aboriginal peoples are seeking a higher level of self-determination Since the creation of Nunavut in 1999, Inuit peoples in Canada have controlled many aspects of their destiny in Canada- land resources, education & government

4. Humanitarianism Taking action to relieve suffering and to protect the innocent, and supporting the dignity and well-being of all people Humanitarianism can be: Response to assisting countries in response to natural or man made disasters. Feeding starving people Accepting refugees Each year the Canadian government accepts more that 7000 refugees.

How do the Motives of Nations Shape their Responses to the World? Isolationism Unilateralism Bilateralism Multilateralism Supranationalism

Isolationism A country completely opts out of participating in international affairs Japan until 1853 Switzerland – not completely isolationist USA at the beginning of both WWI and WWII

Unilateralism When a country acts on its own. This can be an aggressive policy like Japan’s invasion of China. This can also be a benign policy like Sweden not becoming a member of NATO despite both its neighbors Norway and Denmark joining

Bilateralism When two countries take action together.

Multilateralism Several countries working together on a given issue. Kyoto Accord United Nations NATO’s invasion of Iraq

Supranationalism When a country agrees to abide by the decisions of an international organization

What are Some Understandings of Internationalism? Internationalism: The doctrine that all members of the global community accept collective responsibility for the challenges that Face the world

Example#1. World Health Organization (WHO) Coordinates information about diseases (ie influenza etc.) Greatest Triumph – eradication of small pox

Example #2: Right to Play Non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to ensuring that children everywhere enjoy the same human rights as those in wealthier countries.

Example #3: Arctic Council Formed in 1996 and includes: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the USA Promotes sustainable development and environmental protection of the Arctic region.

How does Internationalism Benefit Nations?

How does Internationalism Benefit Nations? Peace and Security: United Nations has prevented many conflicts Economic Stability: Closer economic ties between and among nations often improves conditions for both/all nations. Self-determination: Living conditions have improved and moves have been made to compensate for past mistakes. Humanitarianism: Major disaster summon assistance from other nations.